PERADABAN ISLAM PADA MASA PEMERINTAHAN KHALIFAH UTSMAN BIN AFFAN DAN ALI BIN ABI THALIB
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Abstract
This article discusses the development of Islamic civilization during the reign of Caliph Uthman bin Affan and Ali bin Abi Talib, two important figures in the history of Khulafaur Rashidin. In its writing, this article is a type of library research with a descriptive-qualitative approach. Data was collected from various existing literature using content analysis. As for the result, during the time of Uthman bin Affan, the expansion of Islamic territory reached its peak, accompanied by the codification of the Qur'an as a monumental step in maintaining the authenticity of the revelation. His administration was also marked by the emergence of seeds of internal conflict due to the policy of appointing relatives as officials. Meanwhile, the reign of Ali bin Abi Talib was marked by various political and social challenges, including the occurrence of the Jamal and Shiffin Wars. Despite that, Ali remained committed to upholding justice and maintaining the unity of the people. This article examines the contribution of the two caliphs in forming the foundation of Islamic civilization in terms of politics, society, and religion, as well as their impact on the dynamics of the Muslim community in the future. Therefore, during the reign of both of them, they had a great influence on the development of institutions and values in classical Islamic civilization.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Afifuddin, A., & Saebani, B. A. (2009). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung, Indonesia: Pustaka Setia.
Amri, K. (2022). Sosiohistoris Masyarakat Arab Pra Islam. Jurnal Mumtaz, 2(1), 1–7. Retrieved from http://e-journal.stitmumtaz.ac.id/index.php/stitmumtaz/article/view/42
Anang, A. Al, & Husein, A. (2020). Genealogi Aliran-Aliran Politik dalam Islam. Fajar Historia: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah Dan Pendidikan, 4(2), 68–79. https://doi.org/10.29408/fhs.v4i2.2592
Anas, N. U. (2022). Tarikh Khulafa] Peristiwa Tahkim pada Masa Khalifah Ali bin Abi Thalib ra. Muslimah News. Retrieved from https://muslimahnews.net/2022/03/31/3617/
Ash-Shalabi, A. M. (2008). Biografi Ali bin Abi Thalib. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=pezbDwAAQBAJ
Ash-Shalabi, A. M. (2013). Biografi Utsman bin Affan. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=U-zbDwAAQBAJ
Dalimunthe, L. A. (2024). Peradaban Islam Masa Khalifah Utsman bin Affan (24-36 H/644-656 M). Al-Murabbi : Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 204–215. https://doi.org/10.62086/al-murabbi.v2i1.664
Fadilah, N. (2024). Islam Masa Periode Khalifah Rasyidah Masa Usman bin Affan dan Ali bin Abi Thalib. Transformasi Manageria: Journal of Islamic Education Management, 4(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.47467/manageria.v4i1.3666
Febiola, P., Putri, R. H., Pasaribu, R. L., Hidayat, F., & Widianita, R. (2024). Implikasi Ekonomi Kebijakan Fiskal di Masa Khalifah Utsman dan Ali. JIOSE: Journal of Indonesian Sharia Economics, 3(2). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.35878/jiose.v3i2.1168.
Gultom, A. N. (2022). Perkembangan Pendidikan Islam Pada Masa Khulafaur Rasyidin. EDU-RILIGIA: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam Dan Keagamaan, 6(2), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.47006/er.v6i2.13159
Hamka, H. (2016). Sejarah Umat Islam. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press.
Hamzah, S., & Hamriana. (2022). Khulafah Al-Rasyidun: Masa Kepemimpinan Ali bin Abi Thalib. CARITA: Jurnal Sejarah Dan Budaya, 1(1), 129–138.
Hindarsyah, E. W., & Alpizar, A. (2024). Peradaban Islam Pada Masa Khulafaur Rasyidin. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 09(03), 293–304.
Ifendi, M. (2020). Masa Pembinaan Pendidikan Islam : Telaah Kritis Pendidikan Rasulullah SAW Pada Periode Makkah. Al-Rabwah: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, XIV(1), 58–74.
Ifendi, M. (2021). Pendidikan Islam Rasulullah Saw Periode Madinah : Strategi, Materi Dan Lembaga Pendidikan. Al-Rabwah: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 15(01). Retrieved from http://jurnal.staiskutim.ac.id/index.php/namajurnal
Ilahiyah, I. I., & Salim, M. N. (2019). Karakteristik Kepemimpinan Khulafa Ar-Rasyidin (Abu Bakar As-Shiddiq, Umar bin Khattab, Utsman bin Affan, Ali bin ABi Thalib). EL-Islam, 1(1), 16–19.
Junaidin, J. (2020). Pemerintahan Ali Bin Abi Thalib Dan Permulaan Konflik Umat Islam: Peristiwa Tahkim. FiTUA: Jurnal Studi Islam, 1(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.47625/fitua.v1i1.227
Kaelan. (2010). Metode Penelitian Agama Kualitatif Interdisipliner. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Paradigma.
Khakim, A. R., & Hidayah, N. (2022). Tahapan Mendidik Anak Menurut Ali bin Abi Thalib dan Relevansinya di Era Modern. JoEMS (Journal of Education and Management Studies), 5(2), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.32764/joems.v6i4.993
Lestari, F., Yunani, Safirah, S., Wahyuni, R., Juita, R., & Arfani, D. (2024). Peradapan Islam Masa Ali Bin Abi Thalib. Mutiara: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Karya Ilmiah, 2(1), 264–272.
Maimun, A. (2023). Pembunuhan Khalifah Utsman bin Affan Sebagai Anarkisme Politik (Kajian atas Fenomena Post-truth dalam Kekerasan Politik di Awal Sejarah Islam). Tafhim Al-’Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pemikiran Islam, 15(1), 69–85.
Maisyaroh. (2019). Kepemimpinan ‘Utsman bin ‘Affan dan ‘Ali bin Abi Thalib. Ihya Al Arabiyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Arab, 05(02), 178–180.
Masduki. (2008). Khalifah Ali bin Abi Thalib : Awal Tragedi Perang Saudara dalam Sejarah Islam. Al-Fath, 2(2), 164–168.
Meliantina, M. (2024). Nilai Pendidikan dalam Pemikiran Ali Bin Abi Thalib. PENDEKAR: Jurnal Pendidikan Berkarakter, 2(2), 5.
Miftahur Ridho. (2019). Peristiwa Tahkim (Polemik Perselisihan Politik dan Implikasinya). HUMANISTIKA : Jurnal Keislaman, 5(1), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.36835/humanistika.v5i1.147
Omer, S. (2016). AN ANALYSIS OF THE EXPANSION OF THE PROPHET’S MOSQUE BY CALIPH ‘UTHMAN B. ‘AFFAN (D. 36 AH/656 CE). Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization.
Pratama, T. S., & Prayoga, D. (2023). Masa Pemerintahan Ali bin Abi Thalib dari tahun 655-660 M. Jazirah: Jurnal Peradaban Dan Kebudayaan, 4(2), 116–123. https://doi.org/10.51190/jazirah.v4i2.82
Rasyid, S. (2015). Kontroversi Sekitar Kekhalifahan Ali Bin Abi Thalib. Jurnal Rihlah, 2(1), 13–20.
Rizqa, H. (2020). Sumur Raumah, Saksi Bisu Kebaikan Utsman bin Affan. REPUBLIKA.CO.ID. Retrieved from https://islamdigest.republika.co.id/berita/q82fia458/sumur-raumah-saksi-bisu-kebaikan-utsman-bin-affan
Safitri, M., Angerani, N., Paremadona, S., Annisa Putri, S., & Noviani, D. (2024). Peradaban Islam Masa Utsman Bin Affan. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Karya Ilmiah, 2(1), 239–244. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.59059/mutiara.v2i1.950
Satiadharmanto, D. F., Safira, R., & Rahmiati, R. (2024). Kepemimpinan Ali bin Abi Thalib Dan Penerapan Tahkim Dalam Penyelesaian Konflik: Analisis Kasus Pertempuran Siffin dengan Pendekatan Hukum Empiris Dan Perspektif Islam. Marwah Hukum, 2(2), 41–55.
Setiyowati, A., Putri, C. J., Jannah, F. M., & As’ad, M. R. (2021). Kepemimpinan Islam Periode Khulafaur Rasyidin (Abu Bakar, Umar bin Khattab, Utsman bin Affan, Ali bin Abi Thalib). Yasin: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Sosial Budaya, 1(2), 262–274. https://doi.org/10.58578/yasin.v1i2.132
Sugirma, S. (2019). Peran Khalifah Ali bin ABi Thalib Dalam Meletakkan Dasar-dasar Ilmu Nahwu. Foramadiahi : Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Keislaman, 11(1), 158–171.
Sulistio, E., Purnomo, A., & Setiabudi, D. I. (2023). Analisis Sejarah Peradaban Islam Masa Khulafaurrasyidin. Relinesia: Jurnal Kajian Agama Dan Multikulturalisme Indonesia, 2(1), 130–209. Retrieved from https://www.jurnal.anfa.co.id/index.php/relinesia/article/view/547
Sunandar, S., & Tomi, T. (2024). KHULAFA RASYIDUN : Sistem Kepemerintahan di Masa Utsman bin Affan dan Ali bin Abi Thâlib. HUMANITIS: Jurnal Humaniora, Sosial Dan Bisnis, 2(1), 185–194.
Surono, & Ifendi, M. (2021a). Thawalib | Jurnal Kependidikan Islam. Thawalib | Jurnal Kependidikan Islam, 2(2), 103–130.
Surono, S., & Ifendi, M. (2021b). Pendidikan Islam Klasik : Model Dan Karakteristik. Thawalib | Jurnal Kependidikan Islam, 2(2), 79–94. https://doi.org/10.54150/thawalib.v2i2.23
Susetyo, S., & Suheni, D. (2022). Proyek Percontohan Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Umat Melalui Wakaf Produktif Di Era Khalifah Usman Bin Affan. Al - Muamalat: Jurnal Hukum Dan Ekonomi Syariah, 7(1), 67–79. Retrieved from https://journal.iainlangsa.ac.id/index.php/muamalat/article/view/3772
Syukur, F. (2011). Sejarah Peradaban Islam. Semarang: Pustaka Rizki Putra.
Wardani, H. K., & Tho’in, M. (2013). Pengelolaan Baitul Maal Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Negara. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Pajak, 14(01), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.29040/jap.v14i01.137
Yusof, A. (2007). Sumbangan Ali bin Abi Thalib Dalam Bidang Ulum al-Naqliyah. Jurnal Al-Tamaddun, 2(1).
Zaini, A. (2015). Mengurai Sejarah Timbulnya Pemikiran Ilmu Kalam Dalam Islam. ESOTERIK: Jurnal Akhlak Dan Tasawuf, 1(1), 167–187.
Zainudin, E. (2015). Peradaban Islam pada Masa Khulafah Rasyidin. Jurnal Intelegensia, 03(01), 50–58. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unisnu.ac.id/JI/article/download/1337/1345
Zubir. (2018). Konflik Politik Pada Masa Khalifah Ustman Bin Affan. Jurnal Sintesa, 18(1), 111–122.
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article discusses the development of Islamic civilization during the reign of Caliph Uthman bin Affan and Ali bin Abi Talib, two important figures in the history of Khulafaur Rashidin. In its writing, this article is a type of library research with a descriptive-qualitative approach. Data was collected from various existing literature using content analysis. As for the result, during the time of Uthman bin Affan, the expansion of Islamic territory reached its peak, accompanied by the codification of the Qur'an as a monumental step in maintaining the authenticity of the revelation. His administration was also marked by the emergence of seeds of internal conflict due to the policy of appointing relatives as officials. Meanwhile, the reign of Ali bin Abi Talib was marked by various political and social challenges, including the occurrence of the Jamal and Shiffin Wars. Despite that, Ali remained committed to upholding justice and maintaining the unity of the people. This article examines the contribution of the two caliphs in forming the foundation of Islamic civilization in terms of politics, society, and religion, as well as their impact on the dynamics of the Muslim community in the future. Therefore, during the reign of both of them, they had a great influence on the development of institutions and values in classical Islamic civilization.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Afifuddin, A., & Saebani, B. A. (2009). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung, Indonesia: Pustaka Setia.
Amri, K. (2022). Sosiohistoris Masyarakat Arab Pra Islam. Jurnal Mumtaz, 2(1), 1–7. Retrieved from http://e-journal.stitmumtaz.ac.id/index.php/stitmumtaz/article/view/42
Anang, A. Al, & Husein, A. (2020). Genealogi Aliran-Aliran Politik dalam Islam. Fajar Historia: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah Dan Pendidikan, 4(2), 68–79. https://doi.org/10.29408/fhs.v4i2.2592
Anas, N. U. (2022). Tarikh Khulafa] Peristiwa Tahkim pada Masa Khalifah Ali bin Abi Thalib ra. Muslimah News. Retrieved from https://muslimahnews.net/2022/03/31/3617/
Ash-Shalabi, A. M. (2008). Biografi Ali bin Abi Thalib. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=pezbDwAAQBAJ
Ash-Shalabi, A. M. (2013). Biografi Utsman bin Affan. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=U-zbDwAAQBAJ
Dalimunthe, L. A. (2024). Peradaban Islam Masa Khalifah Utsman bin Affan (24-36 H/644-656 M). Al-Murabbi : Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 204–215. https://doi.org/10.62086/al-murabbi.v2i1.664
Fadilah, N. (2024). Islam Masa Periode Khalifah Rasyidah Masa Usman bin Affan dan Ali bin Abi Thalib. Transformasi Manageria: Journal of Islamic Education Management, 4(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.47467/manageria.v4i1.3666
Febiola, P., Putri, R. H., Pasaribu, R. L., Hidayat, F., & Widianita, R. (2024). Implikasi Ekonomi Kebijakan Fiskal di Masa Khalifah Utsman dan Ali. JIOSE: Journal of Indonesian Sharia Economics, 3(2). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.35878/jiose.v3i2.1168.
Gultom, A. N. (2022). Perkembangan Pendidikan Islam Pada Masa Khulafaur Rasyidin. EDU-RILIGIA: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam Dan Keagamaan, 6(2), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.47006/er.v6i2.13159
Hamka, H. (2016). Sejarah Umat Islam. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press.
Hamzah, S., & Hamriana. (2022). Khulafah Al-Rasyidun: Masa Kepemimpinan Ali bin Abi Thalib. CARITA: Jurnal Sejarah Dan Budaya, 1(1), 129–138.
Hindarsyah, E. W., & Alpizar, A. (2024). Peradaban Islam Pada Masa Khulafaur Rasyidin. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 09(03), 293–304.
Ifendi, M. (2020). Masa Pembinaan Pendidikan Islam : Telaah Kritis Pendidikan Rasulullah SAW Pada Periode Makkah. Al-Rabwah: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, XIV(1), 58–74.
Ifendi, M. (2021). Pendidikan Islam Rasulullah Saw Periode Madinah : Strategi, Materi Dan Lembaga Pendidikan. Al-Rabwah: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 15(01). Retrieved from http://jurnal.staiskutim.ac.id/index.php/namajurnal
Ilahiyah, I. I., & Salim, M. N. (2019). Karakteristik Kepemimpinan Khulafa Ar-Rasyidin (Abu Bakar As-Shiddiq, Umar bin Khattab, Utsman bin Affan, Ali bin ABi Thalib). EL-Islam, 1(1), 16–19.
Junaidin, J. (2020). Pemerintahan Ali Bin Abi Thalib Dan Permulaan Konflik Umat Islam: Peristiwa Tahkim. FiTUA: Jurnal Studi Islam, 1(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.47625/fitua.v1i1.227
Kaelan. (2010). Metode Penelitian Agama Kualitatif Interdisipliner. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Paradigma.
Khakim, A. R., & Hidayah, N. (2022). Tahapan Mendidik Anak Menurut Ali bin Abi Thalib dan Relevansinya di Era Modern. JoEMS (Journal of Education and Management Studies), 5(2), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.32764/joems.v6i4.993
Lestari, F., Yunani, Safirah, S., Wahyuni, R., Juita, R., & Arfani, D. (2024). Peradapan Islam Masa Ali Bin Abi Thalib. Mutiara: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Karya Ilmiah, 2(1), 264–272.
Maimun, A. (2023). Pembunuhan Khalifah Utsman bin Affan Sebagai Anarkisme Politik (Kajian atas Fenomena Post-truth dalam Kekerasan Politik di Awal Sejarah Islam). Tafhim Al-’Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pemikiran Islam, 15(1), 69–85.
Maisyaroh. (2019). Kepemimpinan ‘Utsman bin ‘Affan dan ‘Ali bin Abi Thalib. Ihya Al Arabiyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Arab, 05(02), 178–180.
Masduki. (2008). Khalifah Ali bin Abi Thalib : Awal Tragedi Perang Saudara dalam Sejarah Islam. Al-Fath, 2(2), 164–168.
Meliantina, M. (2024). Nilai Pendidikan dalam Pemikiran Ali Bin Abi Thalib. PENDEKAR: Jurnal Pendidikan Berkarakter, 2(2), 5.
Miftahur Ridho. (2019). Peristiwa Tahkim (Polemik Perselisihan Politik dan Implikasinya). HUMANISTIKA : Jurnal Keislaman, 5(1), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.36835/humanistika.v5i1.147
Omer, S. (2016). AN ANALYSIS OF THE EXPANSION OF THE PROPHET’S MOSQUE BY CALIPH ‘UTHMAN B. ‘AFFAN (D. 36 AH/656 CE). Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization.
Pratama, T. S., & Prayoga, D. (2023). Masa Pemerintahan Ali bin Abi Thalib dari tahun 655-660 M. Jazirah: Jurnal Peradaban Dan Kebudayaan, 4(2), 116–123. https://doi.org/10.51190/jazirah.v4i2.82
Rasyid, S. (2015). Kontroversi Sekitar Kekhalifahan Ali Bin Abi Thalib. Jurnal Rihlah, 2(1), 13–20.
Rizqa, H. (2020). Sumur Raumah, Saksi Bisu Kebaikan Utsman bin Affan. REPUBLIKA.CO.ID. Retrieved from https://islamdigest.republika.co.id/berita/q82fia458/sumur-raumah-saksi-bisu-kebaikan-utsman-bin-affan
Safitri, M., Angerani, N., Paremadona, S., Annisa Putri, S., & Noviani, D. (2024). Peradaban Islam Masa Utsman Bin Affan. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Karya Ilmiah, 2(1), 239–244. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.59059/mutiara.v2i1.950
Satiadharmanto, D. F., Safira, R., & Rahmiati, R. (2024). Kepemimpinan Ali bin Abi Thalib Dan Penerapan Tahkim Dalam Penyelesaian Konflik: Analisis Kasus Pertempuran Siffin dengan Pendekatan Hukum Empiris Dan Perspektif Islam. Marwah Hukum, 2(2), 41–55.
Setiyowati, A., Putri, C. J., Jannah, F. M., & As’ad, M. R. (2021). Kepemimpinan Islam Periode Khulafaur Rasyidin (Abu Bakar, Umar bin Khattab, Utsman bin Affan, Ali bin Abi Thalib). Yasin: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Sosial Budaya, 1(2), 262–274. https://doi.org/10.58578/yasin.v1i2.132
Sugirma, S. (2019). Peran Khalifah Ali bin ABi Thalib Dalam Meletakkan Dasar-dasar Ilmu Nahwu. Foramadiahi : Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Keislaman, 11(1), 158–171.
Sulistio, E., Purnomo, A., & Setiabudi, D. I. (2023). Analisis Sejarah Peradaban Islam Masa Khulafaurrasyidin. Relinesia: Jurnal Kajian Agama Dan Multikulturalisme Indonesia, 2(1), 130–209. Retrieved from https://www.jurnal.anfa.co.id/index.php/relinesia/article/view/547
Sunandar, S., & Tomi, T. (2024). KHULAFA RASYIDUN : Sistem Kepemerintahan di Masa Utsman bin Affan dan Ali bin Abi Thâlib. HUMANITIS: Jurnal Humaniora, Sosial Dan Bisnis, 2(1), 185–194.
Surono, & Ifendi, M. (2021a). Thawalib | Jurnal Kependidikan Islam. Thawalib | Jurnal Kependidikan Islam, 2(2), 103–130.
Surono, S., & Ifendi, M. (2021b). Pendidikan Islam Klasik : Model Dan Karakteristik. Thawalib | Jurnal Kependidikan Islam, 2(2), 79–94. https://doi.org/10.54150/thawalib.v2i2.23
Susetyo, S., & Suheni, D. (2022). Proyek Percontohan Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Umat Melalui Wakaf Produktif Di Era Khalifah Usman Bin Affan. Al - Muamalat: Jurnal Hukum Dan Ekonomi Syariah, 7(1), 67–79. Retrieved from https://journal.iainlangsa.ac.id/index.php/muamalat/article/view/3772
Syukur, F. (2011). Sejarah Peradaban Islam. Semarang: Pustaka Rizki Putra.
Wardani, H. K., & Tho’in, M. (2013). Pengelolaan Baitul Maal Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Negara. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Pajak, 14(01), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.29040/jap.v14i01.137
Yusof, A. (2007). Sumbangan Ali bin Abi Thalib Dalam Bidang Ulum al-Naqliyah. Jurnal Al-Tamaddun, 2(1).
Zaini, A. (2015). Mengurai Sejarah Timbulnya Pemikiran Ilmu Kalam Dalam Islam. ESOTERIK: Jurnal Akhlak Dan Tasawuf, 1(1), 167–187.
Zainudin, E. (2015). Peradaban Islam pada Masa Khulafah Rasyidin. Jurnal Intelegensia, 03(01), 50–58. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unisnu.ac.id/JI/article/download/1337/1345
Zubir. (2018). Konflik Politik Pada Masa Khalifah Ustman Bin Affan. Jurnal Sintesa, 18(1), 111–122.