DARI GEMEINSCHAFT KE DIGITAL-GESELLSCHAFT: DIALEKTIKA INTERAKSI GURU-MURID DI MADRASAH ERA POST-PANDEMI
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article examines the fundamental impact of digital technology adoption, particularly e-learning platforms and WhatsApp, on teacher–student interaction patterns in madrasahs. The scope of the study focuses on the transformation of pedagogical relationships within Islamic educational settings. Adopting the perspective of the Sociology of Ereignis, this research conceptualizes interaction not merely as an exchange of information, but as a meaningful educational event that is increasingly mediated—and potentially reduced—by digital screens. The study employs a qualitative approach through a systematic literature review, critically analyzed using sociological and philosophical frameworks. The findings indicate an ontological shift from warm, relational, and spiritually grounded interactions (Gemeinschaft) toward more functional, instrumental, and distanced forms of interaction (Digital-Gesellschaft). Furthermore, the study reveals a dialectical paradox of digital technology: while it democratizes access to knowledge and weakens traditional hierarchical structures, it simultaneously risks diminishing the spiritual depth of teacher–student relationships and exacerbating social inequalities through the digital divide. The article concludes that, in order to preserve the essence of Islamic education grounded in ta’dib and tarbiyah, madrasahs must move beyond mere technological adoption and critically reconstruct digital interactions so that they remain authentic educational encounters rather than mere transactions of information.
Article Details
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Abubakar, M., & Tsuraya, A. S. (2021). Investigating Students’ Eyesights in the Utilization of Platforms in Learning ESP During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Seltics Journal Scope of English Language Teaching Literature and Linguistics, 4(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.46918/seltics.v4i1.954
Anam, R. K. (2025). Sociology of Ereignis: A New Ontological Foundation for Prophetic Social Science. Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif, 20(1), 31-62. https://doi.org/10.14421/k30v0343
Aswani, A., & Aswani, A. N. (2022). Efektivitas Dan Kesulitan Belajar Online Terhadap Antusiasme Siswa Dalam Belajar. Jurnal Ilmiah Korpus, 6(1), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.33369/jik.v6i1.22784
Christabel, H., & Prawira, I. (2023). Practical Study of Digital Learning and Virtual Laboratory in Post-Pandemic Era. E3s Web of Conferences, 388, 04012. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338804012
Dike, D., Parida, L., & Serani, G. (2022). Adaptasi Budaya Belajar Masa Pandemi Covid 19 Di Sekolah Dasar Kabupaten Sintang. Vox Edukasi Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 13(1), 60–74. https://doi.org/10.31932/ve.v13i1.1535
Fajriyah, A. D., Anwar, R. K., Amar, S. C. D., & Rukmana, E. N. (2025). The Role of School Libraries in Supporting Distance Education: A Narrative Review. Jpua Jurnal Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga Media Informasi Dan Komunikasi Kepustakawanan, 15(1), 18–28. https://doi.org/10.20473/jpua.v15i1.2025.18-28
Fansury, A. H., Januarty, R., Rahman, A. W., & Syawal, S. (2020). Digital Content for Millennial Generations: Teaching the English Foreign Language Learner on COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 55(3). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.55.3.40
Gusti, N. S., & Fauzi, Moh. A. (2022). Pembelajaran Daring Siswa Difabel Di Sma Negeri 6 Mataram. Pena Kreatif Jurnal Pendidikan, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.29406/jpk.v11i2.3775
Hafidzi, A. (2020). The Ability of Islamic Boarding School Students in Facing the Digital Literacy Era With Critical Reading. Ijgie (International Journal of Graduate of Islamic Education), 1(2), 141–153. https://doi.org/10.37567/ijgie.v1i2.231
Halik, H. (2024). Pendidikan Sebagai Arena Simbolik: Telaah Konseptual Interaksionisme Simbolik George H. Mead. Jigm, 3(1), 27–41. https://doi.org/10.69548/jigm.v3i1.6
Hamilaturroyya, H., & Hadi, I. A. (2025). Prinsip Umum Metodologi Pendidikan Agama Islam. Teaching Jurnal Inovasi Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(1), 80–90. https://doi.org/10.51878/teaching.v5i1.4925
Hasan, M., Thamrin, M. I., Rahmatullah, R., Pratama, M. A. D., & Darwis, N. W. (2021). Implementasi Pembelajaran Pada Berbagai Jenjang Pendidikan Di Daerah 3T Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Ideas Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Dan Budaya, 7(3), 47. https://doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v7i3.413
Iswati, L. (2021). When Teaching Must Go On: ESP Teachers’ Strategies and Challenges During COVID-19 Pandemic. Eralingua Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Asing Dan Sastra, 5(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.26858/eralingua.v5i1.16196
Kartika, D., & Kurnia, H. (2022). Penerapan E-Learning Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Dalam Menghadapi Pamdemi Covid -19. J-Coscis Journal of Computer Science Community Service, 2(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.31849/jcoscis.v2i1.7773
Kuning, D. S. (2021). Culture Shock: Online Learning in the Covid-19 Pandemic Phase. Jurnal Humaniora Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 1(1), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.35912/jahidik.v1i1.357
Kurniawansyah, A. S., & Siswanto, S. (2020). Kolaborasi Whatsapp Group, Zoom Cloud Meeting, Dan Google Drive Sebagai Formula Dalam Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Perkuliahan Online Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Media Infotama, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.37676/jmi.v16i2.1155
Mandasari, Y. P., & Wulandari, E. (2021). Teaching ESP During Emergency Remote Learning (ERL): Best Practices. Elt Forum Journal of English Language Teaching, 10(2), 154–162. https://doi.org/10.15294/elt.v10i2.47884
Maulana, N. R., & Lintangsari, A. P. (2021). The Use of Moodle in English Language Learning During the Pandemic: The Students Voice. The Journal of English Literacy Education the Teaching and Learning of English as a Foreign Language, 8(1), 27–41. https://doi.org/10.36706/jele.v8i1.14020
Muchlinarwati, M., Hamzah, M., Salami, S., & Sakdiahi. (2023). The Existence of Islamic Religious Education in Religious Practice at Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh. 689–707. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-102-9_61
Munir, S., Erlinda, R., & Afrinursalim, H. (2021). Students’ Views on the Use of WhatsApp During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Study at IAIN Batusangkar. Ijeltal (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics), 5(2), 323. https://doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v5i2.740
Najib, K. H., Mushodiq, M. A., Widayat, P. A., & Djufri, E. (2024). “Serve and Ngalap Berkah”: Motivation to Be an Islamic Boarding School Teacher. 12 Waiheru, 10(2), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.70872/12waiheru.v10i2.181
Ningsih, T., & Intansari, A. I. (2022). Metode Daring Dan Luring Guna Meningkatkan Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru Di Kabupaten Banyumas Dan Purbalingga. Solidaritas Jurnal Pengabdian, 2(1), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.24090/sjp.v2i1.5259
Nisa, Q. U., Nabi, M., Mustafa, G., Ramzan, U., & Lakho, S. (2021). A Survey: E-Learning Affects, Satisfaction and Sentiments of Students of Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Shaheed Benazirabad,Pakistan. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 9(6), 665–668. https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2021/09962021
Putra, M. E. (2022). Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Permata, 3(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.47453/permata.v3i1.640
Ridha, M. R., & Setyoningrum, M. U. (2022). Manajemen Pembelajaran Daring Di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Samarinda. Borneo Journal of Islamic Education, 2(2), 109–122. https://doi.org/10.21093/bjie.v2i2.5560
Saeheng, P. (2017). A Study of E-Learning, Blended Learning, and Traditional Teaching Methods to Motivate Autonomous Learning in English Reading Comprehension of Thais Learners. Ijeltal (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics), 2(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v2i1.36
Sholihah, H., & Nurhayati, S. (2022). Prevention of Violence Against Children in School Through Islamic Parenting Styles. Society, 10(2), 627–638. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v10i2.255
Sukatin, S., S, S. M., Mabruroh, S., Wahyuni, W., & Ibrahim, F. (2022). Mengatasi Pola Perilaku Pra Remaja Pasca Covid 19 Dari Sudut Pandang Pendidikan Agama Islam. Educenter Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 1(6), 362–367. https://doi.org/10.55904/educenter.v1i6.240
Suyadi, S., & Selvi, I. D. (2022a). Online Learning and Child Abuse: The COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Work and School From Home in Indonesia. Heliyon, 8(1), e08790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08790
Suyadi, S., & Selvi, I. D. (2022b). Online Learning and Child Abuse: The COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Work and School From Home in Indonesia. Heliyon, 8(1), e08790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08790
Syah, S., Okta, O. K. A., Roni, R. S., & Nesa, K. I. (2025). Bridging Gender Gaps in Education Through Islamic Values and Technology at PPTQ Al-Hasan. Egalita Jurnal Kesetaraan Dan Keadilan Gender, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.18860/egalita.v20i1.30589
Tindaon, J., Simamora, I., Sipayung, E. R., Pelawi, E. P., & Sinuhaji, S. B. (2025). Pemberdayaan Anak-Anak Dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Pendidikan Di Era Digital Di SD Negeri 173539 Hutagaol. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Mentari, 1(10), 437–443. https://doi.org/10.59837/jpmm.v1i10.98
Ulum, M., Maunah, B., & Junaris, I. (2025). Penerapan Teknologi Dalam Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pendidikan Islam Di Era Digital. Manajerial Jurnal Inovasi Manajemen Dan Supervisi Pendidikan, 5(2), 269–276. https://doi.org/10.51878/manajerial.v5i2.5382
Utomo, M. N. Y., Sudaryanto, M., & Saddhono, K. (2020). Tools and Strategy for Distance Learning to Respond COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Ingénierie Des Systèmes D Information, 25(3), 383–390. https://doi.org/10.18280/isi.250314
Wahyuni, T., & Tjala, A. (2023). MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS FOR THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION in SCHOOLS. International Journal of Business Law and Education, 4(1), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v4i1.109
Waters, T. (2016). Gemeinschaft And Gesellschaft Societies. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeos0770
Yusup, M., Ansori, K., Nasution, F., Nur’aini, N., & Maula, L. (2023). Pioneering Inclusive Schools: The Role of School Principals in Realizing Freedom of Learning. Al-Tanzim Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 7(4), 1331–1341. https://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v7i4.6107
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article examines the fundamental impact of digital technology adoption, particularly e-learning platforms and WhatsApp, on teacher–student interaction patterns in madrasahs. The scope of the study focuses on the transformation of pedagogical relationships within Islamic educational settings. Adopting the perspective of the Sociology of Ereignis, this research conceptualizes interaction not merely as an exchange of information, but as a meaningful educational event that is increasingly mediated—and potentially reduced—by digital screens. The study employs a qualitative approach through a systematic literature review, critically analyzed using sociological and philosophical frameworks. The findings indicate an ontological shift from warm, relational, and spiritually grounded interactions (Gemeinschaft) toward more functional, instrumental, and distanced forms of interaction (Digital-Gesellschaft). Furthermore, the study reveals a dialectical paradox of digital technology: while it democratizes access to knowledge and weakens traditional hierarchical structures, it simultaneously risks diminishing the spiritual depth of teacher–student relationships and exacerbating social inequalities through the digital divide. The article concludes that, in order to preserve the essence of Islamic education grounded in ta’dib and tarbiyah, madrasahs must move beyond mere technological adoption and critically reconstruct digital interactions so that they remain authentic educational encounters rather than mere transactions of information.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Abubakar, M., & Tsuraya, A. S. (2021). Investigating Students’ Eyesights in the Utilization of Platforms in Learning ESP During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Seltics Journal Scope of English Language Teaching Literature and Linguistics, 4(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.46918/seltics.v4i1.954
Anam, R. K. (2025). Sociology of Ereignis: A New Ontological Foundation for Prophetic Social Science. Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif, 20(1), 31-62. https://doi.org/10.14421/k30v0343
Aswani, A., & Aswani, A. N. (2022). Efektivitas Dan Kesulitan Belajar Online Terhadap Antusiasme Siswa Dalam Belajar. Jurnal Ilmiah Korpus, 6(1), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.33369/jik.v6i1.22784
Christabel, H., & Prawira, I. (2023). Practical Study of Digital Learning and Virtual Laboratory in Post-Pandemic Era. E3s Web of Conferences, 388, 04012. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338804012
Dike, D., Parida, L., & Serani, G. (2022). Adaptasi Budaya Belajar Masa Pandemi Covid 19 Di Sekolah Dasar Kabupaten Sintang. Vox Edukasi Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 13(1), 60–74. https://doi.org/10.31932/ve.v13i1.1535
Fajriyah, A. D., Anwar, R. K., Amar, S. C. D., & Rukmana, E. N. (2025). The Role of School Libraries in Supporting Distance Education: A Narrative Review. Jpua Jurnal Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga Media Informasi Dan Komunikasi Kepustakawanan, 15(1), 18–28. https://doi.org/10.20473/jpua.v15i1.2025.18-28
Fansury, A. H., Januarty, R., Rahman, A. W., & Syawal, S. (2020). Digital Content for Millennial Generations: Teaching the English Foreign Language Learner on COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 55(3). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.55.3.40
Gusti, N. S., & Fauzi, Moh. A. (2022). Pembelajaran Daring Siswa Difabel Di Sma Negeri 6 Mataram. Pena Kreatif Jurnal Pendidikan, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.29406/jpk.v11i2.3775
Hafidzi, A. (2020). The Ability of Islamic Boarding School Students in Facing the Digital Literacy Era With Critical Reading. Ijgie (International Journal of Graduate of Islamic Education), 1(2), 141–153. https://doi.org/10.37567/ijgie.v1i2.231
Halik, H. (2024). Pendidikan Sebagai Arena Simbolik: Telaah Konseptual Interaksionisme Simbolik George H. Mead. Jigm, 3(1), 27–41. https://doi.org/10.69548/jigm.v3i1.6
Hamilaturroyya, H., & Hadi, I. A. (2025). Prinsip Umum Metodologi Pendidikan Agama Islam. Teaching Jurnal Inovasi Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(1), 80–90. https://doi.org/10.51878/teaching.v5i1.4925
Hasan, M., Thamrin, M. I., Rahmatullah, R., Pratama, M. A. D., & Darwis, N. W. (2021). Implementasi Pembelajaran Pada Berbagai Jenjang Pendidikan Di Daerah 3T Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Ideas Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Dan Budaya, 7(3), 47. https://doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v7i3.413
Iswati, L. (2021). When Teaching Must Go On: ESP Teachers’ Strategies and Challenges During COVID-19 Pandemic. Eralingua Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Asing Dan Sastra, 5(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.26858/eralingua.v5i1.16196
Kartika, D., & Kurnia, H. (2022). Penerapan E-Learning Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Dalam Menghadapi Pamdemi Covid -19. J-Coscis Journal of Computer Science Community Service, 2(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.31849/jcoscis.v2i1.7773
Kuning, D. S. (2021). Culture Shock: Online Learning in the Covid-19 Pandemic Phase. Jurnal Humaniora Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 1(1), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.35912/jahidik.v1i1.357
Kurniawansyah, A. S., & Siswanto, S. (2020). Kolaborasi Whatsapp Group, Zoom Cloud Meeting, Dan Google Drive Sebagai Formula Dalam Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Perkuliahan Online Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Media Infotama, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.37676/jmi.v16i2.1155
Mandasari, Y. P., & Wulandari, E. (2021). Teaching ESP During Emergency Remote Learning (ERL): Best Practices. Elt Forum Journal of English Language Teaching, 10(2), 154–162. https://doi.org/10.15294/elt.v10i2.47884
Maulana, N. R., & Lintangsari, A. P. (2021). The Use of Moodle in English Language Learning During the Pandemic: The Students Voice. The Journal of English Literacy Education the Teaching and Learning of English as a Foreign Language, 8(1), 27–41. https://doi.org/10.36706/jele.v8i1.14020
Muchlinarwati, M., Hamzah, M., Salami, S., & Sakdiahi. (2023). The Existence of Islamic Religious Education in Religious Practice at Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh. 689–707. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-102-9_61
Munir, S., Erlinda, R., & Afrinursalim, H. (2021). Students’ Views on the Use of WhatsApp During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Study at IAIN Batusangkar. Ijeltal (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics), 5(2), 323. https://doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v5i2.740
Najib, K. H., Mushodiq, M. A., Widayat, P. A., & Djufri, E. (2024). “Serve and Ngalap Berkah”: Motivation to Be an Islamic Boarding School Teacher. 12 Waiheru, 10(2), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.70872/12waiheru.v10i2.181
Ningsih, T., & Intansari, A. I. (2022). Metode Daring Dan Luring Guna Meningkatkan Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru Di Kabupaten Banyumas Dan Purbalingga. Solidaritas Jurnal Pengabdian, 2(1), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.24090/sjp.v2i1.5259
Nisa, Q. U., Nabi, M., Mustafa, G., Ramzan, U., & Lakho, S. (2021). A Survey: E-Learning Affects, Satisfaction and Sentiments of Students of Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Shaheed Benazirabad,Pakistan. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 9(6), 665–668. https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2021/09962021
Putra, M. E. (2022). Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Permata, 3(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.47453/permata.v3i1.640
Ridha, M. R., & Setyoningrum, M. U. (2022). Manajemen Pembelajaran Daring Di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Samarinda. Borneo Journal of Islamic Education, 2(2), 109–122. https://doi.org/10.21093/bjie.v2i2.5560
Saeheng, P. (2017). A Study of E-Learning, Blended Learning, and Traditional Teaching Methods to Motivate Autonomous Learning in English Reading Comprehension of Thais Learners. Ijeltal (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics), 2(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v2i1.36
Sholihah, H., & Nurhayati, S. (2022). Prevention of Violence Against Children in School Through Islamic Parenting Styles. Society, 10(2), 627–638. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v10i2.255
Sukatin, S., S, S. M., Mabruroh, S., Wahyuni, W., & Ibrahim, F. (2022). Mengatasi Pola Perilaku Pra Remaja Pasca Covid 19 Dari Sudut Pandang Pendidikan Agama Islam. Educenter Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 1(6), 362–367. https://doi.org/10.55904/educenter.v1i6.240
Suyadi, S., & Selvi, I. D. (2022a). Online Learning and Child Abuse: The COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Work and School From Home in Indonesia. Heliyon, 8(1), e08790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08790
Suyadi, S., & Selvi, I. D. (2022b). Online Learning and Child Abuse: The COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Work and School From Home in Indonesia. Heliyon, 8(1), e08790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08790
Syah, S., Okta, O. K. A., Roni, R. S., & Nesa, K. I. (2025). Bridging Gender Gaps in Education Through Islamic Values and Technology at PPTQ Al-Hasan. Egalita Jurnal Kesetaraan Dan Keadilan Gender, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.18860/egalita.v20i1.30589
Tindaon, J., Simamora, I., Sipayung, E. R., Pelawi, E. P., & Sinuhaji, S. B. (2025). Pemberdayaan Anak-Anak Dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Pendidikan Di Era Digital Di SD Negeri 173539 Hutagaol. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Mentari, 1(10), 437–443. https://doi.org/10.59837/jpmm.v1i10.98
Ulum, M., Maunah, B., & Junaris, I. (2025). Penerapan Teknologi Dalam Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pendidikan Islam Di Era Digital. Manajerial Jurnal Inovasi Manajemen Dan Supervisi Pendidikan, 5(2), 269–276. https://doi.org/10.51878/manajerial.v5i2.5382
Utomo, M. N. Y., Sudaryanto, M., & Saddhono, K. (2020). Tools and Strategy for Distance Learning to Respond COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Ingénierie Des Systèmes D Information, 25(3), 383–390. https://doi.org/10.18280/isi.250314
Wahyuni, T., & Tjala, A. (2023). MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS FOR THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION in SCHOOLS. International Journal of Business Law and Education, 4(1), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v4i1.109
Waters, T. (2016). Gemeinschaft And Gesellschaft Societies. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeos0770
Yusup, M., Ansori, K., Nasution, F., Nur’aini, N., & Maula, L. (2023). Pioneering Inclusive Schools: The Role of School Principals in Realizing Freedom of Learning. Al-Tanzim Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 7(4), 1331–1341. https://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v7i4.6107