Published 2026-06-17
Keywords
- Islamic Education Curriculum, Curriculum Changes, Independent Curriculum, Curriculum History, Islamic Education
Abstract
The Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curriculum in Indonesia has undergone significant changes since the early days of independence until the Merdeka Curriculum era. Each curriculum change reflects evolving educational needs, social dynamics, and ever-changing global challenges. This study aims to describe the development of the PAI curriculum from 1947, 1952, 1968, 1975, 1984, 1994, 2004 (KBK), 2006 (KTSP), 2013, to the Merdeka Curriculum in 2022. The method used ishistorical researchthrough an analysis of official documents from the Ministry of Education and Culture and other relevant literature. The results show that changes to the Islamic Religious Education curriculum are influenced by factors such as relevance to the times, technological advances, societal needs, demands for 21st-century competencies, and national education policies. These changes have positive impacts, such as increased learning relevance, character building, and flexibility in implementation, but also present challenges, particularly teacher readiness and adaptation of the learning system. The latest curriculum, the Merdeka Curriculum, offers a more flexible, student-centered model that emphasizes religious moderation and contextual learning. In conclusion, the development of the Islamic Religious Education curriculum over time is an adaptive process aimed at improving the quality of Islamic education to meet the needs of generations and the demands of the times
References
- Aiman, U., Damapolii, M., Manoppo, Y. K., & Pantu, A. (2024). National Curriculum Development Models: Between Theory and Concept. Jurnal Ilmiah AL-Jauhari: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Interdisipliner, 9(1), 119–130.
- Basyar, A. B. B., & Mukhbir, M. (2025). Evolusi Paradigma Kebijakan Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia (1945–2025): Dari Kontrol Negara Menuju Dualisme Filosofis. AS-SUNNIYYAH, 5(01), 72–83.
- Bella, S., & Irawan, M. F. (2024). Jejak Historis Kebijakan Pendidikan Islam Di Indonesia Dalam Lintasan Sejarah. Jurnal Inovatif Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 3(1), 52–62.
- Giffari, A., & Dafa, H. (2026). Pengembangan Kurikulum PAI Berbasis Literasi Digital untuk Mencegah Radikalisme Online pada Siswa SMA. Al-I’tibar: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 13(1), 83–90.
- Hakim, L. (2020). Pendidikan Islam Integratif: Best Practice Integrasi Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Kurikulum Pendidikan Tinggi. Gestalt Media.
- Hamim, H., Mappanyompa, M., Hikmah, N., Nizar, N., Muhirdan, M., Abdullah, W. L., Syadiidan, M. H., Nugroho, R. S., Susanti, S., & Djunaidi, D. (2026). Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Membangun Peradaban Berbasis Nilai. CV. Edu Akademi.
- Hill, J. E., & Kerber, A. (1967). Models, methods, and analytical procedures in education research. Wayne State University Press Detroit.
- HUDA, S. N. (2025). Model Pembelajaran LOK-R sebagai Upaya meningkatkan Literasi Membaca dalam Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak pada Kurikulum Merdeka di MTS N 3 SRAGEN. Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang.
- Khikmah, D. L., Huda, M. M., & Kharisma, A. I. (2025). Students’ Critical Thinking Skills: Analysis of fifth-grade IPAS subjects at MI Muhammadiyah 18 Sumberrejo Bojonegoro. Journal of Elementary Education, 2(2), 85–95.
- Komariah, N., Hartati, H., Juliana, J., & Paulina, R. (2025). Analisis Historis Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam di Indonesia: Tantangan dan Dinamika Implementasi. Educational Journal of Islamic Management, 5(2), 103–111.
- Mashuri, S., & Syahid, A. (2024). Strategi pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam perspektif multikultural. Penerbit Litnus.
- Muwahid, I., Fujiyanti, I., Ilyas, H. M., & Nazib, F. M. (2026). Perkembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam Dan Relevansinya Dengan Tantangan Global. Al-Ilmiya: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 1(4), 1459–1468.
- Nathasya, H. (2024). Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam. Edu Research Indonesian Institute For Corporate Learning And Studies (IICLS), 5(1), 70–80.
- Nisak, Z., Septiani, B. M., & Marlina, M. (2026). Menata Ruang Nilai: Reinterpretasi Ruang Lingkup Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam Sebagai Upaya Menjaga Moralitas di Era Digital. Al-I’tibar: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 13(1), 46–53.
- Putri, Z. F., & Maula, N. (2024). Curriculum Transformation in Indonesia and Its Effect on Student Competencies:: Literature Study on 1947 Curriculum Until Merdeka Curriculum. Jurnal Teknodik, 77–93.
- Ramdan, A. (2025). Antara Kertas dan Realita: Penilaian Autentik dalam Kurikulum Merdeka. Jurnal Inovasi Pedagogik Dan Teknologi, 3(2), 56–65.
- Salimi, M., Karlimah, K., Hidayah, R., & Fajari, L. E. W. (2026). Based Learning di Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan: Sebuah Kajian Awal. CV Eureka Media Aksara.
- Sari, I. N. B., Pahrudin, A., Jatmiko, A., & Koderi, K. (2024). Desain Kurikulum PAI Berbasis Karakter: Integrasi Pengetahuan, Etika, dan Spiritualitas. Journal of Education Research, 5(4), 6597–6604.
- Sari, M. N., Susmita, N., & Ikhlas, A. (2025). Melakukan penelitian kepustakaan. Pradina Pustaka.
- Sholeh, M. I., Lestari, A., Erningsih, E., Yasin, F., Saleh, F., Suhartawan, V. V., Pattiasina, P. J., Widya, A., Sampe, F., & Fadilah, N. N. (2024). Manajemen Kurikulum. CV. Gita Lentera.
- Supriyadi, S. (2024). Kolaborasi Strategi Kepala Sekolah Dan Guru Pai Dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam (pai)(studi Kasus Di Madrasah Aliyah (ma) Nu 03 Sunan Katong Kaliwungu Kendal). Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang.
- Syafei, I. (2025). Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam. Penerbit Widina.
- Wahyuni, A. D., & Bunai, B. (2026). TRANSFORMASI KURIKULUM PAI DI INDONESIA: DARI KOLONIALISME HINGGA KURIKULUM MERDEKA. Jurnal Kepemimpinan Dan Pengurusan Sekolah, 11(1), 1–14.