Vol. 1 No. 5 (2025): Desember
Articles

BEYOND FREUD AND BEHAVIORISM: SUFISM AS THE ROOT OF TRANSPERSONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN UNDERSTANDING HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS

PDF
  • Leli Anggraini,
  • Konto Iskandar Dinata
Leli Anggraini
UIN Raden Fatah Palembang
Konto Iskandar Dinata
UIN Raden Fatah Palembang

Published 2025-12-03

Keywords

  • Sufism, Transpersonal Psychology, Consciousness, Ego, Fana', Ma'rifat, Spiritual Roots.

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the position of Sufism as an often overlooked intellectual and practical foundation in the birth of Transpersonal Psychology. Through a literature study and comparative analysis approach, this research criticizes the limitations of mainstream psychological paradigms—particularly Freudian Psychoanalysis and Behaviorism—which fail to explain the spiritual dimension and peak experiences of humans. The research findings show that key concepts of Sufism such as fana ' (destruction of the ego ), ma'rifat(divine knowledge), andZikr as a method of developing consciousness, has been discussing the "transpersonal" area centuries before modern psychology formulated it. Sufism is not just a parallel, but functions as a root that provides a comprehensive spiritual journey map. This article concludes that the integration of the Sufi heritage with Transpersonal Psychology can lead to a more holistic understanding of human consciousness, moving beyond pathological models to a model of actualizing the highest human potential. This study recommends further exploration of Sufism practices as a therapeutic modality in the context of contemporary psychology.

PDF

References

  1. Ahmad, M. (nd). RELIGION AND PSYCHOANALYSIS OF SIGMUND FREUD . 9 .
  2. Ali, F. (2024). Whispers of the Heart: A Combination of Sufism and Psychology Perspectives . 8 (3), 1544–1551.
  3. Arnie. (2016). Implementation of Quranic Therapy as an Alternative Psychotherapy in Sufism Studies. Al-Furqan: Journal of Religion, Social and Culture , 4 (3), 1–23.
  4. Dan, B., & Islam, K. (2020). 74 | at-taujih journal . 3 (1), 74–85.
  5. Daniyarti, WD, Thoriq, M., Pradana, EB, & Nurida, S. (2023). Journal Analytica Islamica . 12 (2).
  6. Idrisiyyah, A. (nd). Islamic Journal . 2 , 311–321.
  7. Iii, CHAPTER (nd). Chapter III mortal concept . 89–121.
  8. Imron, A. (2018). Sufism and Problems... By: Ali Imron . 29 , 23–35.
  9. Indonesia, JF, Rizkiyani, F., Selian, SN, Pendidikan, G., Umur, A., Nusantara, UI, Aceh, UM, & Aceh, B. (2025). Theoretical Paradigms in Psychology: Philosophical Foundations, Opportunities, and Limitations in Psychological Research and Practice . 8 (1), 15–24.
  10. Journal, C., Mursalin, H., Tinggi, S., Bahasa, I., Ar, A., & Sukabumi, K. (2024). Sufism and psychotherapy approaches from an Islamic perspective . 04 (01), 77–90.
  11. Jurnal, A., & Islam, S. (nd). Akademika .
  12. Khadijah. (2014). The meeting point of transpersonal psychology and Sufism . 4 , 382-403k.
  13. Mu, A. (2023). Critical Review of the Concepts of Sharia, Tarekat, Hakikat and Ma'rifat in Sufism . 2 (3).
  14. n cholid, syahril syahril. (nd). the concept of Sufism as psychotherapy for the problems of modern society . https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29300/MTQ.V3I1.1894
  15. Saefulloh, A. (2023). IN ISLAMIC STUDIES . 11 (1), 14–33.
  16. Sinaga, RD, & Minarti, S. (2025). Islamic Studies with the Islamic Mysticism Sufism Approach . 02 , 626–633.
  17. North, S. (nd). Spiritual Experience according to Transpersonal Psychology . 14 (76).
  18. Wahid, A. (2023). Sufism in the digital era (maintaining spiritual awareness amidst the flow of technology) . 55–73.
  19. Ziyadul, M., Annajih, H., & Sa, I. (2023). Abraham Maslow's Self-Actualized Concept: A Sufi Psychology Perspective . 4 (1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.19105/ec.v1i1.1808