International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach - (ISSN : 3109-9777) is a journal that publishes multidisciplinary research articles, covering: Humanities and social sciences, contemporary political science, education, religious science and philosophy, engineering science, business and economics, Cooperatives, technology, health science, medical science, human resource development, PKM, art design and media science. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research is published by PT. Sulthan Journal Publisher as an academic publishing institution dedicated to the development and dissemination of multidisciplinary research outputs. The publisher is committed to maintaining publication quality through professional and accountable journal management in accordance with academic and ethical standards, making it a credible platform for academics, researchers, and practitioners from various fields of study. This journal is published 6 times a year, namely February, April, June, August, October, December.
IMPLEMENTATION QUALITATIVE EVALUATION LOGISTICS COMPLIANCE AND ACCEPTABILITY
The Free Nutritious Meals Programme (MBG) is a central government structural intervention to improve human resource quality ahead of the 2045 Golden Generation. Despite its scale, implementation faces operational obstacles and perception gaps at the grassroots. This study critically evaluates logistics management, regulatory compliance, and sociological barriers to MBG implementation in primary and secondary schools in Pasuruan Regency/City. Using a descriptive-evaluative qualitative method with a case study approach, data were gathered via in-depth interviews with teaching staff, direct observation of classroom distribution, and analysis of daily regulatory documents during March–April 2026. Findings revealed three main issues: (1) reduced nutritional quality caused by milk distribution cut to twice weekly, violating National Nutrition Agency Regulation No. 5 of 2026; (2) weak emergency logistics management, with rations for absent pupils ad hoc reallocated as double portions in class; and (3) low consumption due to rigid menu formulation, prompting refusals from students with allergies, boredom from monotonous menus, and vegetable aversion. Sociologically, some teaching staff expressed ideological resistance, preferring measures addressing structural poverty and education costs. Recommendations include revising local regulations to add technical guidelines for surplus management, creating a pupil allergy database, and aligning supporting local government budgets.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach
THE ROLE OF TRAINING IN IMPROVING THE CAPACITY OF VILLAGE GOVERNMENT APPARATUS (A Study at the Village Government Training Center Office in Lampung, Ministry of Home Affairs)
The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. This method is used to describe the role of training in improving the capacity of village government apparatus (a study at the Village Government Office in Lampung, Ministry of Home Affairs). All data were obtained directly from informants in the field using interviews and document studies. The results of the study indicate that training plays a crucial role in improving the capacity of village government apparatus through the dimensions of knowledge, skills, attitudes and behavior, as well as leadership and management. Through planned and ongoing training, village apparatus can improve their understanding of regulations and policies, develop technical and service skills, develop professional attitudes and integrity, and strengthen leadership and management capabilities within village government organizations.
TRENDS ON SELF-REGULATED LEARNING IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS (2016–2025)
This study aims to map the global research trends on Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) in mathematics learning during the 2016–2025 period through bibliometric analysis. The scope of the study includes publication patterns, the most frequently studied research topics, and the most productive researchers and institutions. Data were obtained from the Scopus database using the keywords “Self-Regulated Learning” AND “Mathematics Learning” in the title, abstract, and keywords fields, yielding 63 publications that were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer. The results indicate an overall upward trend in publications, peaking in 2024 (13 documents), and a surge in citations from 5 in 2019 to 173 in 2025. Indonesia was the most productive country with 28 publications, followed by China (9) and Hong Kong (7). Guo, W. and Wei, J. were the most productive authors, while the Australian Journal of Education recorded the highest number of citations. Keyword mapping identified four thematic clusters: learning systems, educational technology, e-learning, and learning strategies and reflection. The study’s conclusions affirm that SRL in mathematics learning is evolving toward the Technology-Enhanced Self-Regulated Learning paradigm and recommend future research exploring the integration of SRL with artificial intelligence as well as broader international research collaboration.
DOES WORK–LIFE BALANCE REDUCE TURNOVER INTENTION? JOB STRESS MEDIATION AMONG PLANTATION EMPLOYEES
This study examines the effect of Work–Life Balance (WLB) on Turnover Intention by investigating the mediating role of Job Stress among plantation employees. A quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design was employed. Data were collected from 135 permanent employees using purposive sampling and analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM–PLS) with SmartPLS. The findings demonstrate that Work–Life Balance has a negative and significant effect on both Job Stress and Turnover Intention. In contrast, Job Stress exerts a positive and significant effect on Turnover Intention. Furthermore, Job Stress partially mediates the relationship between Work–Life Balance and Turnover Intention, indicating that employees who experience a better balance between their work and personal lives are less likely to experience job stress, which subsequently lowers their intention to leave the organization. These findings underscore the importance of promoting work–life balance as an organizational strategy to alleviate job stress and strengthen employee retention. This study also extends the employee retention literature by providing empirical evidence that Job Stress represents an important mechanism through which Work–Life Balance influences Turnover Intention in the plantation industry.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM OF THE DILAMPUNG VILLAGE GOVERNMENT HALL (SINBAL) OF THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS
The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. This method is used to describe the analysis of the implementation of the Village Government Center Information System in Lampung, Ministry of Home Affairs. All data was obtained directly from informants in the field using interviews and document studies. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the Village Government Center Information System in Lampung is a strategic effort by the Ministry of Home Affairs to support the digitalization of village governance. Based on the six dimensions of information system success, the implementation of the Village Government Center Information System in Lampung has not been fully optimal. The quality of the system and information still face technical and data accuracy challenges, service quality is not supported by adequate mentoring, and user satisfaction levels vary relatively due to differences in digital literacy among village officials.
THE HISTORY OF INDONESIAN LEGISLATION IN ESTABLISHING A JUST NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEM
This study examines the historical development of Indonesian legislation and its contribution to establishing a just national legal system. Using a qualitative approach with normative legal research, the study analyzes constitutional provisions, statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and relevant scholarly literature. The findings indicate that Indonesian legislation has evolved through several historical periods, from customary and colonial legal systems to the contemporary legislative framework based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. Legislative reforms, particularly during the Reform Era, have strengthened legal certainty, democratic governance, and public participation. Nevertheless, challenges such as regulatory overlap and legislative inconsistencies remain. Continuous legislative reform is therefore essential to promote justice, legal certainty, and sustainable national legal development.
THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION IN INDONESIA AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SHARIA ECONOMIC LAW
This study aims to analyze the historical development of legislation in Indonesia and its influence on the growth of Islamic economic law. The research employed a normative legal approach using qualitative library research. Data were collected from legislation, legal documents, academic books, and scientific journals, then analyzed descriptively. The findings indicate that Indonesian legislation has evolved from the colonial period to the reform era, significantly shaping the national legal system. These legal developments have encouraged the establishment of various regulations governing Islamic economic activities, providing greater legal certainty for Islamic financial institutions and business actors. Therefore, continuous legislative reform plays a crucial role in strengthening the implementation and development of Islamic economic law in Indonesia.
DESIGN AND BUILD A MODEL OF A MARINE WAVE POWER PLANT ENGINE FOR EDUCATIONAL TEACHING AIDS
Renewable energy sources have been widely developed to reduce the consumption of non-renewable energy. However, an energy source that is still underutilized but has significant potential is ocean wave energy, which utilizes lift energy to operate generators that generate electricity. The machine is designed to develop a model that converts water wave energy into electrical energy on a laboratory scale and to examine the correlation between water wave energy and electrical energy generated by changing the length of the float arm. The methodology used in this final project is a literature review to gather information relevant to water waves and electricity-generating machines. Machine design and component manufacturing include making alternative designs, selecting designs, then testing whether there is a linear output and analyzing the relationship between water waves and the electricity output produced. The results of the experiment showed that the largest electrical output was obtained at an arm length of 40 cm with an average electrical power generated of 1,019 watts. Testing on PLTGL components was carried out with variations in the length of the buoyancy arm of 40 cm, 45 cm, and 50 cm.
BRAYUT TOURISM VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY BASED ON COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM (CBT) IN EFFORTS TO EMPOWER THE PANDOWOHARJO VILLAGE COMMUNITY
The development of tourist villages is one of the strategies in accelerating the local economy and improving the welfare of rural communities. This study aims to analyze the development strategy of Brayut Tourism Village based on Community-Based Tourism for community empowerment. This study refers to the concept of community empowerment, namely Community Based Tourism (CBT) proposed by Yodchai Suansri (2003) with indicators of community participation, economic benefits, cultural preservation, environmental sustainability, and involvement in decision-making. Using a qualitative method through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, this study examined the scientific literature and related documents. Data analysis is carried out through reduction, classification, and interpretation. The results show that the implementation of the Brayut Tourism Village has internalized the principles of Community Based Tourism (CBT) with active participation in the management of homestays, tourism services, and cultural activities. In addition to the positive economic impact, these activities also preserve local values. The tourism village development strategy must prioritize increasing the capacity of human resources and strengthening management institutions. This step is critical to ensuring a structured and sustainable community-based tourism system.
FREE DIGITAL TRANSPORTATION INNOVATION FOR EQUITABLE PUBLIC ACCESS IN TUBAN REGENCY
Limited access to public transportation in regency areas remains a structural barrier to equitable access to basic services. This study analyzes the implementation of the Si Mas Ganteng Program (Tuban Free Digital Transportation Management System) as a digital public service innovation in Tuban Regency, its contribution to equitable community access, and the factors supporting and constraining implementation. The study employed a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with seven purposively selected informants, including Transportation Agency officials, drivers, service users, a village head, and an academic, supported by observation and document analysis. Data were interpreted using Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Edwards III’s Policy Implementation Theory, and Denhardt and Denhardt’s New Public Service paradigm. The findings indicate that registered users increased by 1,378% from 2022 to 2024, supported by strong implementer commitment and the program’s free service, which encouraged trialability. Nevertheless, limited fleets, weak coordination across government levels, low digital literacy among older residents, and urban-centered user distribution continue to constrain equitable access. The program reflects New Public Service principles by prioritizing citizen welfare over market logic and offers a relevant model for inclusive digital public transportation in other regions.
CATUR DIMENSIONAL STRATEGIC DA'WAH (CDS) (CONCEPT, ANALYSIS, AND APPLICATION)
Da’wah is a noble calling whose essence is intrinsic to the very existence of Islam. It represents an organized effort to translate divine values ​​into human reality. In practice, however, this calling often confronts complex challenges. Globalization, the digital revolution, shifting social values, and the growing diversity of thought within society necessitate adaptation and innovation in da’wah. Relying solely on zeal without a foundation of sound knowledge risks rendering the effort ineffective, irrelevant, or even counterproductive to its objectives. Through this qualitative literature-based study, the researcher aims to map out a structured framework regarding the scholarly dynamics of da’wah. The discussion begins by dissecting the fundamental meaning of da’wah, examining both its etymological roots and definitions formulated by scholars. This exploration is crucial for establishing a solid conceptual foundation and avoiding the reductionist interpretations of da’wah often found in society. A precise understanding of da’wah enables a clear identification of the scope of its study. Ultimately, this research maps the complexities of da’wah through an integrated framework known as the Catur Dimensi-Dakwah Strategis (CDS) or the Four-Dimensional Strategic Da’wah framework. This framework categorizes the analysis of da’wah into four interconnected dimensions. First is the Theological-Normative Dimension, which examines the foundations, ethics, and objectives of da’wah in accordance with the Qur'an and Sunnah. Second is the Psycho-Sociological Dimension, which analyzes the psychological states and social contexts of both the subjects and objects of da’wah. Third is the Managerial-Organizational Dimension, which views da’wah as an activity requiring professional management. Fourth is the Technological-Contextual Dimension, which focuses on adapting da’wah to modern media and the challenges of the times.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL MARKETING: A CASE STUDY OF RAFISA LAMONGAN MSMEs
The rapid development of digital technology has encouraged micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to adopt digital marketing strategies to enhance business competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of digital marketing at Rafisa MSME in Lamongan using the 9P marketing mix framework, including product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence, partnership, and personalization. A qualitative case study approach was employed involving eight purposively selected informants consisting of the business owner, employees, customers, and business partners. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña with source, technique, and time triangulation. The findings indicate that digital marketing through WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok has been implemented effectively, with WhatsApp and Facebook serving as the most effective platforms. The implementation of the 9P marketing mix has increased customer acquisition, purchase intention, and customer loyalty. However, challenges remain, including centralized social media management, delayed customer responses, and limited production capacity. The study concludes that digital marketing has positively contributed to Rafisa's business development.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LAMPUNG CIVIL SERVICE POLICE UNIT'S AUTHORITY: AN EDWARDS III AND SWOT-TOWS ANALYSIS
This study analyzes the effectiveness of the implementation of authority by the Lampung Province Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol PP) in enforcing public order and community tranquility (Trantibum), using Edwards III's four-variable framework (communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure), enriched by Ansell and Gash's collaborative governance perspective. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with twelve informants across organizational levels, participant observation of three field operations, and a document review of the 2024 Minimum Service Standards (SPM) Evaluation Report for Trantibum. The findings show that the authority of the provincial Satpol PP is coordinative rather than command-based, and its effectiveness is constrained by statutory ambiguity surrounding the concept of 'facilitation' and by systemic resource deficits. Relational analysis reveals that the four Edwards III variables do not operate independently; rather, they form a pattern of institutional mismatch: resource constraints weaken the effectiveness of policy communication, while dysfunction in the bureaucratic structure contributes to variations in implementers' dispositions in the field. A SWOT-TOWS analysis, validated through member checking, produced eight strengthening strategies fully accepted by key informants, with the formalization of coordination mechanisms and the clarification of facilitation criteria identified as short-term priorities. This study extends the Edwards III framework to coordinative intergovernmental relations and proposes the concept of adaptive facilitation as an institutional response to regulatory ambiguity.
TECHNICAL GUIDANCE AND LEADERSHIP COMPETENCE OF MERAH PUTIH COOPERATIVE CHAIRPERSONS
The establishment of Merah Putih Village/Sub-district Cooperatives requires chairpersons who can make sound decisions, communicate effectively, and foster collaboration among members. This study examines the effects of material quality, instructor competence, learning methods, and post-training mentoring on the leadership competence of Merah Putih Cooperative chairpersons in South Lampung Regency. A quantitative explanatory design was employed using a census of all 95 eligible cooperative chairpersons. Data were collected through a validated and reliable five-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression after testing normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity assumptions. All four independent variables had positive and statistically significant partial effects on leadership competence. The overall model was significant (F = 16.057, p < 0.001) and explained 41.6% of the variance in leadership competence (R² = 0.416). Material quality was the strongest predictor (β = 0.395), followed by learning methods (β = 0.365), post-training mentoring (β = 0.285), and instructor competence (β = 0.272). The findings indicate that relevant content, experiential learning, competent instructors, and structured follow-up support should be integrated into technical guidance programs for cooperative leaders.
SHORT-VIDEO-BASED ECO-PEDAGOGY: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL CONTENT IN CULTIVATING ECOLOGICAL AWARENESS AMONG GENERATION ALPHA IN ISLAMIC SCHOOLS
Generation Alpha refers to the cohort born from 2010 to the present, the first generation to grow and develop entirely within a digital ecosystem, where technology and visual content have become an inseparable part of their daily lives. Unlike previous generations, this group has a shorter attention span, processes information more quickly through moving media, and tends to disregard static and lengthy delivery methods (Pratama : 2025). At the same time, the increasingly urgent environmental crisis demands educational efforts capable of instilling ecological awareness from an early age. For Islamic schools, environmental preservation is not merely a humanitarian responsibility, but a noble mandate of humans as khalifah fil ardh (vicegerents on earth) entrusted by Allah SWT to maintain the balance of all His creations (Al-Qur’an Surah Al-Baqarah [2]: 30). However, field realities show that learning in both Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and environmental studies still largely relies on lecture methods and textbooks, which often fail to accommodate the distinct learning styles of this generation. This study aims to analyze the relevance, conceptual foundations, and effectiveness of the short-video-based eco-pedagogy approach in fostering ecological awareness rooted in Islamic values among Generation Alpha students. The study employs a library research method by reviewing various relevant scientific literature published between 2020 and 2026. The findings reveal that short-form videos of 15–60 seconds are able to bridge the gap between teaching materials and students’ preferences, so that messages on environmental preservation linked with verses from the Al-Qur’an and Hadith can be received more deeply rather than remaining as superficial knowledge (Gunawan : 2024). Furthermore, this approach has proven to significantly enhance learning participation and encourage students to adopt environmentally friendly behaviors in their daily lives. This study concludes that the appropriate integration of digital content with Islamic values is a key strategy to ensure environmental education in Islamic schools remains relevant, meaningful, and effective for future generations.
CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING STUNTING PREVALENCE REDUCTION POLICIES: INTEGRATING UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM APPROACHES
Stunting remains a chronic nutritional problem that remains unresolved despite declining national prevalence, as aggregate reductions do not guarantee integrated interventions at the family level. The main problem of this study is the implementation gap between policy design and field outcomes, particularly the weak integration of upstream approaches in the form of sensitive interventions and downstream approaches in the form of specific interventions. The study aims to analyze the challenges of implementing policies to reduce stunting prevalence and the factors inhibiting upstream-downstream convergence in Malang Regency, East Java. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study type. The study population was stakeholders involved in policy implementation, while the sample was determined purposively with twelve informants including actors at the district level, community health centers, villages, field implementers, and target families. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed using an interactive model of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing guided by Edwards III and Grindle's implementation theory. The validity was tested through triangulation. The results showed that the main challenge was not the absence of a program, but rather weak data harmonization, limited resources, fragmented bureaucratic structures, and disconnected referrals between downstream services and upstream interventions in target households. It was concluded that stunting reduction requires an integrated case resolution mechanism through a shared target list, a cross-sector follow-up matrix, and local case managers so that each household receives a complete service package.
ZERO WASTE PROGRAM TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS) IN URBAN AREAS
Urban waste generation continues to rise along with population and consumption growth, while capacity management still relies on downstream handling so that waste reduction at the source remains suboptimal; this is the main problem underlying the study. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the zero waste program in Surabaya City and its contribution to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design was used. The population comprised waste management stakeholders in Surabaya City, with a sample of ten informants selected purposively, including environmental agency officials, field officers, 3R waste facility managers, waste bank administrators, environmental cadres, residents, business actors, collector partners, and academics. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation, supplemented by 2024 secondary data, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, and validated through triangulation. The results show that Surabaya manages approximately 99% of its waste, yet source reduction only reached 7.43% and residue at 3R facilities reached 47%, with a composition dominated by organic waste at 55.5%; community participation is the decisive factor for success. It is concluded that the zero waste program contributes to SDGs 11, 12, and 13, but its sustainability requires strengthening source separation, community education, and shifting the success indicator from the volume of waste handled toward the volume prevented, reused, and recycled
IMPROVING DIGITAL LITERACY OF VILLAGE OFFICIALS TO CREATE SMART VILLAGES AND IMPACTFUL PUBLIC SERVICES
Unequal data security and digital literacy among village officials are major obstacles to the digitalization of public services at the village level. This study aims to analyze the digital literacy of village officials and examine its relationship with technology acceptance and the implementation of impactful public services towards a smart village. The study used a mixed methods approach with a sequential explanatory design. The study population was village officials in Blitar Regency, East Java; a quantitative sample of 80 officials from eight villages, supplemented by 14 qualitative informants. Quantitative data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), a statistical technique for testing relationships between variables; qualitative data were analyzed thematically and integrated to explain quantitative findings. Descriptive results show the highest perception of technology usefulness (average 4.06), while digital security was the lowest (2.96). PLS-SEM results prove that digital literacy has a positive and significant effect on perceived ease of use (β=0.639) and perceived usefulness (β=0.547). Both encourage system use, which subsequently has a strong influence on impactful public services (β=0.614). However, perceived ease of use did not significantly influence perceived usefulness. This finding confirms that human capabilities, not simply the availability of technology, determine the quality of digital services. The study concludes that strengthening digital literacy is a strategic lever for realizing smart villages and impactful public services, which requires support from tiered training, data security standards, and inclusive mentoring.
EVALUATION OF VILLAGE-OWNED ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT POLICY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF REINVENTING GOVERNANCE IN THE DIGITAL ERA
The growth in the number of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Indonesia has not been accompanied by comparable governance quality; recent data shows that only 75.8 percent of the tens of thousands of BUMDes are actually actively operating. BUMDes development policies have also been more oriented towards adding business units and technical digitization, rather than towards comprehensive governance arrangements. This study aims to evaluate BUMDes development policies through the perspective of reinventing governance integrated with digital era governance, in order to identify gaps between policy design and practice in the field. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study method in BUMDes Karya Mandiri, Ngoran Village, Blitar Regency. The study population included all BUMDes stakeholders, with a sample of five key informants selected purposively from the village government, BUMDes administrators, digital service managers, and community service users. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, accompanied by triangulation of sources and techniques. The results show partial policy implementation: the village government has acted as a catalyst and is results-oriented, but has not demonstrated strong evidence of empowerment and citizen ownership. In terms of digitalization, BUMDes services have only touched on administrative digitization, while reintegration of services and holistic citizen-centeredness have not been achieved, potentially creating a new digital literacy gap. The study concluded that BUMDes policy reform needs to be directed not only at increasing business units but also at strengthening citizen participation and equitable digital access.
INFLUENCE OF SERVICE EXCELLENCE DIMENSIONS ON GUEST COMPLAINT HANDLING AT PREMIER PLACE HOTEL SURABAYA AIRPORT.
Strategically located within the Juanda International Airport area, Premier Place Hotel Surabaya Airport faces unique challenges driven by the expectations of transit guests who have high time sensitivity and low error tolerance. In hotel operations, guest complaints cannot be completely avoided, making the effectiveness of complaint handling crucial to maintaining the hotel’s image. This study aims to analyze the effect of Service Excellence dimensions, which consist of Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy, both partially and simultaneously, on the effectiveness of guest complaint handling. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing questionnaires distributed to 37 employees (after outlier adjustment) at Premier Place Hotel Surabaya Airport. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression. The results indicated that simultaneously, all five dimensions of Service Excellence have a significant effect on complaint handling. Partially, the Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy dimensions have a positive and significant effect, whereas the Tangibles dimension proved to have no significant effect. These findings provide managerial implications that the hotel needs to focus more on the technical speed and empathetic sensitivity of the staff rather than merely physical attributes when handling guest complaints. Keywords : Service Excellence, Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy, Complaint Handling, Airport Hotel.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF TRACING KNOWLEDGE DIFFUSION FLOWS IN ISLAMIC FINANCE RESEARCH: A MAIN PATH ANALYSIS
This study provides a critical review of Rejeb et al.'s (2026) research, which uses co-word and main path analysis to trace knowledge diffusion in Islamic finance (IF) literature. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the methodological rigor, theoretical underpinnings, and empirical findings of the original study to identify research gaps and inconsistencies. The research employs a critical literature review methodology to systematically assess and critique the selected paper. The findings indicate that while the original study boasts a novel dual-methodological approach, a comprehensive dataset of 4,422 documents, and a clear thematic architecture by identifying seven distinct clusters, it suffers from notable limitations. Key weaknesses include an exclusive reliance on the Scopus database, uniform citation weighting, language bias, and limited longitudinal or comparative trend analysis. The review concludes that the paper successfully maps the IF research landscape but functions more as a descriptive-analytical study rather than a prescriptive guide, falling short of providing transformative insights into emerging IF domains.
THE EFFECT OF THE HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (SIMRS) ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH DIGITAL COMPETENCE
Digital transformation in hospitals requires not only reliable information systems but also employees who can use them effectively. This study examined the effect of the Hospital Management Information System (SIMRS) on employee performance, with digital competence as an intervening variable among management employees at RSUD Ragab Begawe Caram, Mesuji Regency. A quantitative survey design was applied to the entire population of 58 management employees. Data were collected using a five-point Likert questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS 23 through validity and reliability testing, classical assumption testing, simple and multiple linear regression, t-test, F-test, coefficient of determination, and Sobel mediation test. The instruments were reliable, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.860, 0.934, and 0.932. SIMRS significantly affected digital competence (t = 14.770; p < 0.001; R² = 0.796), digital competence significantly affected performance (t = 25.787; p < 0.001; R² = 0.922), and SIMRS significantly affected performance (t = 16.594; p < 0.001; R² = 0.831). The combined model explained 93.7% of performance variance, while the Sobel test confirmed a significant mediation effect (Z = 7.556; p < 0.001). The findings indicate that SIMRS optimization should be accompanied by continuous digital competence development.
STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING PUBLIC SERVICE PERFORMANCE AT THE NORTH SUNGKAI SUBDISTRICT OFFICE, NORTH LAMPUNG REGENCY
This study examines public service performance, identifies the internal and external factors that influence it, and formulates improvement strategies at the North Sungkai Subdistrict Office, North Lampung Regency. A qualitative descriptive approach supported by quantitative data was employed. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. Seven informants were selected purposively, while all 23 personnel, comprising 17 civil servants and 6 government employees under work agreements, were included through a census. The data were analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña model, descriptive analysis, and a SWOT matrix. The findings indicate that productivity, service quality, responsibility, and accountability were good, whereas responsiveness was fairly good and still required faster service delivery and stronger coordination. Organizational strengths included personnel experience, commitment to service, coordination, leadership support, and a clear division of duties. Weaknesses included limited staffing, facilities, training opportunities, and technology utilization. Priority strategies include competency development, service digitalization, facility improvement, strengthening a culture of service excellence, transparency, accountability, continuous service innovation, and periodic performance evaluation, supported consistently and sustainably by the local government.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT MEDIATES THE EFFECT OF WORK CULTURE ON BAWASLU EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
Employee performance is a strategic determinant of public-sector accountability, particularly in an election supervisory institution that requires integrity, professionalism, and timely service. This study examined the effects of work culture on employee performance, both directly and through organizational commitment, among employees of the Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) of North Lampung Regency. A quantitative associative survey was conducted using a census of all 35 employees. Data were collected through questionnaires supported by observation and interviews, then analyzed using validity and reliability tests, classical assumption testing, simple and multiple linear regression, t tests, F tests, coefficients of determination, and the Sobel test. The results showed that work culture significantly affected organizational commitment (B = 0.656; t = 10.237; p < 0.001), organizational commitment significantly affected performance (B = 1.014; t = 11.496; p < 0.001), and work culture significantly affected performance (B = 0.796; t = 14.986; p < 0.001). The joint model explained 89.9% of performance variance. The Sobel statistic of 8.150 (p < 0.001) confirmed a significant mediating role of organizational commitment. Strengthening consistent work values, employee involvement, fair recognition, and cross-unit collaboration is therefore essential for improving institutional performance.
HUMAN RESOURCE DIGITAL COMPETENCY STRATEGIES FOR DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AT THE MESUJI COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATICS OFFICE
Digital transformation in local government requires not only adequate information technology infrastructure but also public employees who possess relevant and continuously updated digital competencies. This study aims to analyze strategies for strengthening the digital competence of human resources and to identify the constraints encountered at the Communication and Informatics Office of Mesuji Regency. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews with five key informants, documentation, and a literature review. Data validity was examined through source and technique triangulation, prolonged engagement, and persistent observation, while the data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The findings show that the main strategies consist of education and training, competency-based promotion, and job rotation. These strategies are reinforced through continuous learning, knowledge sharing, mentoring, and digital competency mapping. Their implementation has improved employees' ability to use government applications, manage digital data, and support the Electronic-Based Government System. However, uneven competencies, discontinuous training, the absence of comprehensive competency mapping, limited budgets, and varying adaptability remain major constraints. An integrated and sustainable competency management policy is therefore essential to accelerate digital transformation and improve public service quality.
THE EFFECTS OF WORKLOAD AND SHIFT WORK ON NURSES' WORK STRESS AT MAYJEND HM RYACUDU REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Nurses face continuous service demands, complex clinical responsibilities, and rotating work schedules that may increase occupational stress. This study examined the effects of workload and shift work on nurses' work stress at Mayjend HM Ryacudu Regional General Hospital, North Lampung Regency. A quantitative design using descriptive and verification approaches was applied. The entire population of 105 nurses was included through saturated sampling. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation and were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, a normality test, multiple linear regression, partial t-tests, a simultaneous F-test, and the coefficient of determination. Workload had a positive and significant effect on work stress (t = 3.294; p = 0.001), while shift work also had a positive and significant effect (t = 19.277; p < 0.001). Simultaneously, workload and shift work significantly affected work stress (F = 1,264.762; p < 0.001). The model explained 96.1% of the variance in nurses' work stress, while 3.9% was attributable to factors outside the model. These findings highlight the need for proportional workload distribution, balanced shift scheduling, and adequate recovery time to support nurses' well-being and service quality.
THE EFFECT OF THE POLRI PRESISI PROGRAM AND DIGITAL COMPETENCE ON FIELD SERVICE PERFORMANCE AT THE DIRECTORATE OF SAMAPTA, LAMPUNG REGIONAL POLICE
Field service performance determines the quality of professional, responsive, and community-oriented policing. This study analyzes the partial and simultaneous effects of the Polri Presisi Program and digital competence on field service performance at the Directorate of Samapta, Lampung Regional Police. A quantitative survey was conducted using saturated sampling of 68 personnel. Data were collected through a five-point Likert questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression using IBM SPSS. The Polri Presisi Program had a positive and significant effect on field service performance (B = 0.328; t = 2.931; p = 0.005). Digital competence also had a positive and significant effect (B = 0.720; t = 6.974; p < 0.001) and was the dominant predictor (β = 0.679). Both variables simultaneously affected performance (F = 284.126; p < 0.001) and explained 89.7% of its variance. Strengthening field services therefore requires consistent Presisi implementation integrated with continuous digital competence development.
THE EFFECT OF WORK EXPERIENCE AND CREDIT-DISBURSEMENT TARGET ACHIEVEMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE QUALITY OF BRI MANTRI AT THE METRO BRANCH
This study examines the effects of work experience and credit-disbursement target achievement on the performance quality of BRI Mantri at the Metro Branch. The study used a quantitative causal-associative survey design. The population comprised 93 Mantri, with 75 respondents selected using the Slovin formula at a 5% margin of error. Data were collected using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS through descriptive statistics, validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-tests, an F-test, and the coefficient of determination. The instruments were valid and reliable, with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.948, 0.946, and 0.898. Work experience had a positive and significant effect on performance quality (B = 0.480; t = 3.849; p < 0.001), while target achievement also had a positive and significant effect (B = 0.336; t = 2.885; p = 0.005). Simultaneously, both variables significantly affected performance quality (F = 189.929; p < 0.001) and explained 84.1% of its variance. Work experience was the more dominant predictor, highlighting the importance of structured mentoring, field exposure, and balanced target management.
THE ROLE OF THE PROTOCOL DIVISION IN COORDINATING THE MAYOR OF BANDAR LAMPUNG'S AGENDA
The complexity of local executive activities requires agenda coordination that is rapid, accurate, and adaptive. This study analyzes the role of the Protocol Division in coordinating the work agenda of the Mayor of Bandar Lampung, focusing on information, activity, and resource coordination, while identifying major constraints and corrective efforts. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed at the Protocol Division of the Bandar Lampung City Secretariat. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document review involving purposively selected informants. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña and validated through triangulation. The findings show that the Protocol Division acts as a coordination hub by collecting, verifying, and aligning information; prioritizing activities and preventing scheduling conflicts; and coordinating personnel, facilities, and infrastructure in accordance with protocol standards. Coordination effectiveness is constrained by delayed or incomplete information, sudden agenda changes, competing priorities among regional agencies, and limited staffing. Stronger verification procedures, adaptive scheduling, early-stage communication, and improved resource capacity are therefore required to maintain the order, continuity, and effectiveness of the mayoral agenda.
EFFECTIVENESS OF LAMPUNG PROVINCIAL INSPECTORATE IN STRENGTHENING REGIONAL FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY
This study analyzes the effectiveness of the Lampung Provincial Inspectorate in strengthening the accountability of regional financial management and identifies the factors that support or constrain its performance. A qualitative descriptive case-study design was applied at the Lampung Provincial Inspectorate. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with structural and functional officials and staff, direct observation, and analysis of official documents, including annual supervision programs, audit reports, standard operating procedures, and relevant regulations. Data credibility was established through source, method, and time triangulation as well as member checking, while analysis followed data reduction, data display, and conclusion verification. The findings show that internal supervision is implemented through an integrated cycle of risk-based planning, audit and review execution, evidence-based reporting, verification of recommendation follow-up, and continuous evaluation. This cycle encourages regulatory compliance and improves financial accountability. Evaluation and strengthening of internal control are the main supporting factors. However, delayed and insufficiently systematic reports, uneven responsiveness of regional agencies, high auditor workloads, weak inter-unit coordination, and limited use of supervisory information systems reduce the speed and impact of follow-up. The Inspectorate is therefore effective, but its performance still requires institutional and technological reinforcement.
ENHANCING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH WORK ETHIC AND COMPETENCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF WORK ENGAGEMENT
Employee performance remains a critical issue in public organizations because service quality is closely associated with employees’ ability to perform their responsibilities effectively. This study examined the relationships among work ethic, competence, work engagement, and employee performance. A quantitative cross-sectional approach was employed using a census of 85 employees. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. The measurement model satisfied the requirements for reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity before evaluating the structural model. Work ethic exerted positive and significant effects on both work engagement and employee performance. Competence positively influenced work engagement but did not significantly affect employee performance. Work engagement was not associated with employee performance and did not mediate the relationships between work ethic and employee performance or between competence and employee performance. The proposed model explained 66.8% of the variance in work engagement and 84.8% of the variance in employee performance. Employee performance in the public sector therefore depends more strongly on work ethic than on competence alone, while competence requires appropriate job alignment to contribute more effectively to performance.
MOBILE LEARNING TRANSFORMATION IN REDUCING EDUCATION DISPARITIES IN THE 3T REGION
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile learning in addressing educational challenges in Indonesia's Disadvantaged, Frontier, and Outermost (3T) regions, focusing on the use of the Kipin School 4.0 and Merdeka Mengajar platforms. 3T regions face various obstacles in obtaining quality education, primarily due to limited infrastructure and internet access. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach supported by semi-structured interviews and a quantitative survey involving teachers, students, and policymakers. Data analysis was conducted using a thematic approach and descriptive statistics, and used the SERVQUAL framework to assess the quality of digital education services. The results show that mobile learning can expand access to learning materials and help overcome geographical barriers and technological limitations. The Kipin School 4.0 and Merdeka Mengajar platforms have proven effective even in areas with limited connectivity. Assessment using the SERVQUAL method showed high levels of reliability, responsiveness, and accessibility. However, challenges remain, such as the lack of supporting infrastructure and the need for digital training for educators. Thus, mobile learning has significant potential to improve access and equity in education in the 3T (third-to-third) regions, although its long-term success depends heavily on strengthening infrastructure and providing sustainable digital training. Further research is needed to assess the long-term impacts and the feasibility of implementing hybrid education models in the future.
POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN DEVELOPMENT: NARRATIVE CONTESTATION AND THE LEGITIMACY OF PUBLIC POLICY IN THE TUBAN OIL REFINERY PROJECT
This study aims to analyze political communication of development in the contestation of narratives and public policy legitimacy within the Tuban Oil Refinery Project. The project, developed by PT Pertamina (Persero), is positioned as part of Indonesia’s strategic national agenda to strengthen energy security and economic growth. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design, utilizing in-depth interviews, observation, and document and media analysis. The findings reveal that the government constructs development framing based on rational-legal legitimacy and performance legitimacy through predominantly top-down and informative communication patterns. However, at the local level, particularly in Tuban, narrative contestation emerges between official state discourse and community counter-narratives concerning land acquisition and environmental impacts. Policy legitimacy is found to be dynamic and continuously negotiated within the public sphere, including social media platforms. The study concludes that the success of strategic national projects depends not only on administrative and regulatory effectiveness but also on dialogical and participatory political communication.
ANALYSIS OF OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE MALINAU REGENCY (INDONESIA) - MALAYSIA BORDER AREA
Malinau Regency shares a border with Malaysia, but progress has been uneven. The Human Development Index rose to 74.72 in 2024, while the poverty rate also rose to 6.94 percent. Residents in remote sub-districts remain isolated and dependent on supplies from Malaysia. This study aims to map the opportunities and challenges for development in Malinau's border areas while developing strategies that balance security and well-being. The method used is a qualitative case study design. The population comprised communities and stakeholders in five border sub-districts: Kayan Hulu, Kayan Selatan, Bahau Hulu, Pujungan, and Sungai Boh. The sample was selected purposively, consisting of twelve key informants, ranging from regional planners, border managers, sub-district heads, and traditional leaders to traders, health workers, and teachers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews, then analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña model. Data were summarized, presented, and conclusions were drawn, supported by a SWOT analysis using the IFAS and EFAS matrices. As a result, the biggest challenges are isolation, high costs in the region, cross-border dependencies, and fragmented coordination. Opportunities lie in resource wealth, indigenous social capital, and support for national priorities. An IFAS score of 2.37 and an EFAS score of 2.66 place Malinau in Quadrant I with coordinates of +0.75 and +0.70, respectively, suggesting an aggressive strategy. However, these opportunities can only be achieved if internal weaknesses are addressed first. In conclusion, Malinau's underdevelopment is structural. Opportunities will only be unlocked if connectivity, basic services, the local economy, and integrated data are improved within a welfare border framework.
SERVICES OF THE SURABAYA CITY ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE IN SUPPORTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH CONTROLLING WASTE INTO THE SEA
This study aims to analyze the services of the Surabaya City Environmental Agency (DLH) in supporting sustainable development through controlling waste into the sea based on the principles of good governance. The background of this study is based on the urgency of the problem of coastal water pollution in Surabaya City due to the discharge of domestic and industrial waste that has not been fully controlled, resulting in a decline in the quality of the marine ecosystem and the welfare of coastal communities. This condition demands an in-depth evaluation of the quality of local government services in managing waste based on the principles of good governance. The study used a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The results show that the transparency of the Surabaya City DLH services has been running quite well through the provision of information on digital media and socialization activities, although access to real-time environmental data is still limited. Service responsiveness is quite good with the availability of various public complaint channels, but is still hampered by limited personnel and monitoring technology. The effectiveness and efficiency of services are demonstrated by an increase in the Water Quality Index (IKA) from 52 in 2022 to 61 in 2025, as well as an increase in the number of communal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from 48 to 79. The novelty of this research lies in the integrated analysis of three dimensions of good governance in the context of urban coastal waste management services in Surabaya, a context that has not been widely studied specifically in Indonesia.
POLICY ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND POPULATION ADMINISTRATION INNOVATION IN GREDEK VILLAGE
Population administration services at the village level often experience innovation stagnation due to weak leadership initiative, limited institutional capacity, and bureaucratic resistance. This study analyzes policy entrepreneurship by the Village Head of Gredek, Gresik Regency, in promoting innovation in population administration services and identifies the supporting and inhibiting factors shaping the process. A qualitative instrumental case study was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with seven purposively selected informants, non-participant observation, and document review. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings show that the village head performed a comprehensive policy entrepreneurship role through social acuity, layered problem framing, mutually beneficial coalition building, proactive use of policy windows, and evidence-based piloting. These practices produced six service innovations, reduced average document processing time by approximately 79%, and increased citizen satisfaction from 2.8 to 4.3 on a five-point scale. The study strengthens policy entrepreneurship literature in Indonesian village governance.
NORMATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEGAL CERTAINTY FOR COMMUNITY SERVICE AS ALTERNATIVE PUNISHMENT UNDER THE NEW CRIMINAL CODE
The revision of Indonesian criminal law through Law No. 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code (New Criminal Code) introduces community service as an alternative punishment intended to reduce reliance on imprisonment and promote offender rehabilitation. However, its effectiveness depends on the legal certainty provided by the applicable regulatory framework. This study analyzes the legal certainty of community service as an alternative punishment under the New Criminal Code and examines its implications for penal reform in Indonesia. Using normative legal research, the study applies statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials were analyzed qualitatively through systematic legal interpretation and legal argumentation. The findings indicate that the New Criminal Code provides a legal basis for the imposition, duration, and general implementation of community service. Nevertheless, legal certainty remains incomplete due to regulatory gaps concerning judicial discretion, implementation standards, institutional coordination, and oversight mechanisms, which may lead to inconsistent judicial practices. The study concludes that legal certainty depends not only on the existence of legal norms but also on a coherent regulatory framework that ensures clarity, consistency, and predictability. Strengthening implementing regulations, practical guidelines, and institutional capacity is therefore essential to ensure the effective implementation of community service and support Indonesia’s criminal justice reform.
THE CONCEPT OF PHYSICAL AND SPIRITUAL BALANCE IN STUDENTS WITHIN AL-FARABI’S PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
Education plays a vital role in developing human potential comprehensively, encompassing both physical and spiritual dimensions. However, contemporary educational practice tends to privilege cognitive and academic achievement, often at the expense of students’ physical, moral, and spiritual growth. Although a growing body of research has examined Al-Farabi’s educational philosophy, most studies address his thought in general terms and have not specifically analyzed how physical–spiritual balance is articulated within his conception of educational aims. This study addresses that gap by analyzing the concept of physical and spiritual balance (jasmani–rohani) within Al-Farabi’s philosophy of educational objectives and its relevance for contemporary education. Using a qualitative descriptive approach through library research, primary and secondary sources on Al-Farabi’s educational philosophy were analyzed using content analysis. The findings show that Al-Farabi conceived education as a path toward happiness (al-sa’adah), attained through the harmonious cultivation of all human faculties. Physical balance is realized through bodily health and the cultivation of practical skills, while spiritual balance is cultivated through moral formation, intellectual development, and the strengthening of spiritual values, oriented toward the formation of the virtuous human being (al-insan al-kamil) within the framework of the virtuous city (al-madinah al-fadilah). These findings resonate strongly with contemporary educational goals that emphasize the holistic development of learners. Al-Farabi’s thought therefore offers a philosophical foundation for building a more holistic, humanistic, and character-oriented education system, one capable of responding to the erosion of moral character and student mental health documented in current Indonesian education discourse.
INTEGRATED EDUCATION ON NAPZA, HIV/AIDS, AND MENTAL HEALTH TO FOSTER HEALTHY AND WELL-CHARACTERIZED ADOLESCENTS
Adolescents are a vulnerable population facing various risk behaviors, including the abuse of narcotics, psychotropic substances, and other addictive substances (NAPZA), HIV/AIDS transmission due to limited reproductive health knowledge, and mental health problems that may affect character development and overall quality of life. These challenges highlight the importance of integrated educational interventions as a preventive strategy to improve adolescents' health literacy. This Community Service Program (Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat/PKM) aimed to enhance adolescents' knowledge of the dangers of substance abuse, HIV/AIDS prevention, and the importance of maintaining mental health, while fostering positive attitudes and healthy behaviors through a church-based community approach. The program was conducted at HKBP Duren Jaya Bekasi and involved 60 adolescents attending catechism classes. The activities employed interactive health education, group discussions, case studies, question-and-answer sessions, and evaluations using pre-tests and post-tests. The results indicated that participants gained a better understanding of the dangers of substance abuse, HIV/AIDS prevention, the importance of mental health, and the adoption of healthy and responsible lifestyles. Furthermore, the church-based educational approach encouraged active participation and strengthened positive character values in addressing various challenges faced by adolescents. The program demonstrates that collaboration between higher education institutions and churches is an effective strategy for improving health literacy while fostering healthy, resilient, and well-characterized adolescents.
EMPOWERING THE COMMUNITY AND CADRES FOR PROMOTIVE AND PREVENTIVE EFFORTS IN NON-SPECIFIC CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN CONDITIONS
Chronic nonspecific low back pain is a musculoskeletal problem that can interfere with physical activity and functional ability. Community empowerment is needed to improve knowledge and skills in implementing promotive and preventive efforts. This community service activity aims to improve the knowledge and skills of cadres and the community through education and core stability exercise training. The activity was carried out at the Elderly Posyandu (Integrated Health Post) in Tohudan Village, Colomadu District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java. There were 30 participants, consisting of 8 cadres (26.7%) and 22 community members (73.3%). The activity was carried out through counseling using educational leaflets, demonstrations, core stability exercise practice with assistance, and strengthening the role of cadres. The results showed that all 30 participants participated in the activity and gained education and practical experience in preventing and reducing low back pain. Cadre involvement is essential to support the sustainability of training at the community level. Further evaluation using pre-post knowledge measurements and pain scores is needed to quantitatively measure the program's effectiveness.
EVALUATION OF THE POLICY ON THE FORMATION AND RECRUITMENT OF MANAGEMENT OF THE MERAH PUTIH VILLAGE/SUB-DISTRICT COOPERATIVE
The accelerated formation of the Merah Putih Village/Sub-district Cooperative has raised fundamental issues. The cooperative's administrative structure was quickly established, but the recruited administrators were not necessarily capable of running the business, creating a gap between legality and operationalization. This study aims to evaluate the policy of establishing and recruiting cooperative administrators in North Kalimantan Province. The study employed a qualitative approach with an evaluative design based on William Dunn's six policy evaluation criteria. The study population was cooperative stakeholders in North Kalimantan, while the sample consisted of nine informants selected purposively in Tarakan, Nunukan, and Tana Tidung. Informants included government officials, village and sub-district heads, administrators, supervisors, assistants, and members. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was maintained through triangulation of sources and techniques. The results showed that administrative achievement was high, but operational achievement was still limited. Recruitment through deliberation was legitimate, but not accompanied by standardized competency assessments. Coaching for administrators is also inadequate, and policy accuracy depends heavily on adaptation to local conditions. Research concludes that the quality of the recruitment process determines the success of the policy. Therefore, the government needs to establish minimum competency criteria, map the initial competencies of administrators, conduct practice-based training, provide appropriate mentoring, and shift the measure of success from mere establishment to functioning.
EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FREE NUTRITIOUS MEALS (MBG) POLICY IN REMOTE AREAS: ANALYSIS OF FOUR EDWARDS III VARIABLES IN THE 3T REGION OF NORTH KALIMANTAN
The Free Nutritious Meals (MBG) program is a large-scale affirmative policy, yet its national achievement has not been matched by effectiveness in underdeveloped, frontier, and outermost (3T) regions that face distinctive structural barriers. This study aims to evaluate MBG implementation in remote areas using Edwards III's theory, namely communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure, while identifying its main inhibiting factors. The population comprised all MBG-recipient schools and their implementers in North Kalimantan Province. The quantitative sample was determined by purposive sampling and comprised 60 respondents from 20 schools, while the qualitative stage involved 10 informants selected through snowball sampling. The study used a mixed-method approach with a sequential explanatory design. Quantitative data from a Likert questionnaire were analyzed descriptively, then deepened with qualitative data from interviews, observations, and documentation that were analyzed through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, after which both results were integrated. The results show that implementation was in the moderate category (3.19 on a 1 to 5 scale). The disposition dimension obtained the highest score (3.74) and resources the lowest (2.69). The main barriers were technical and logistical, namely transportation, the cold chain, limited personnel, and supply continuity, while implementers' high commitment tended to mask systemic weaknesses. The study concludes that MBG effectiveness in remote areas is constrained not by implementers' will but by the system's capacity to overcome geographical barriers, so that Edwards III's four variables need to be complemented by a fifth dimension, namely the socio-cultural suitability of local food.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INHIBITING DEVELOPMENT IN VILLAGES WITH SMALL POPULATIONS IN REMOTE AREAS
Development in sparsely populated villages in remote areas still faces structural barriers that have not been widely studied, especially in border areas such as Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan. This study aims to identify factors inhibiting development in sparsely populated villages, analyze the influence of population limitations on development achievements, and formulate appropriate policy recommendations. The study used a mixed approach with a sequential explanatory design. The quantitative phase involved 92 respondents from 18 villages in 7 sub-districts selected through proportionate stratified random sampling, then analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The qualitative phase involved 12 purposive informants from three locus villages in Krayan, Lumbis, and Sebatik Sub-districts, analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, then integrated through connecting and joint display techniques. The regression model proved significant with an R square of 0.616. Resources had a positive and significant effect, while Population Scale Barriers had a negative and significant effect on development achievements, while Communication, Disposition, and Bureaucratic Structure had no significant effect. Qualitative findings indicate that barriers are cumulative, that apparatus disposition is good despite limited capacity, and that geographic remoteness moderates the impact of small populations, as evidenced by the high achievement rates in villages with good access despite their small populations. This study concludes that population size is not the sole explanation for development barriers. Small populations interact with resource constraints and geographic remoteness, necessitating affirmative action policies based on a geographic difficulty index and a cluster approach between villages.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BLUE ECONOMY MISSION IN INDONESIA: ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL, CONSTRAINTS, AND DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS
Indonesia has enormous blue economy potential, but its contribution to the economy has not been optimal due to various implementation constraints. The main problem of this research is the gap between the potential of marine resources and the realization of their economic value at the regional level. This study aims to map the potential, identify obstacles, and formulate the direction of the blue economy mission development in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan. The research used a qualitative approach with a case study design. The research population was the actors involved in managing the Berau coastal blue economy, while the sample consisted of seven key informants selected purposively and snowball, including government officials, business actors, coastal communities, and academics. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, which summarizes data, presents it, then draws and verifies conclusions, and tests its validity through triangulation. The results of the study revealed seven findings: large potential that has not automatically translated into local added value, fragmentation of cross-sector governance, multi-layered financing gaps, infrastructure and markets as determinants of income, ecological sustainability as an economic asset, the need to shift participation towards co-design, and the measurement of success that must be multidimensional. The study concluded that the implementation of the blue economy in Berau is systemic and thus requires institutional integration, strengthening of value chains and financing, protection of natural capital, and equitable participation, rather than stand-alone sectoral interventions.
STRENGTHENING FAMILY RESILIENCE THROUGH COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE IN WOMEN AND CHILD PROTECTION SERVICES AT DP3APPKB OF SURABAYA CITY
This study aims to analyze the strengthening of family resilience through collaborative governance in women and child protection services at the Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan, Perlindungan Anak, dan Pengendalian Penduduk dan Keluarga Berencana Kota Surabaya. The research is motivated by the increasing complexity of urban social problems that contribute to the vulnerability of women and children and weaken family resilience. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis. The data were analyzed using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings Indicate that collaborative governance has been implemented through cross-sectoral coordination involving law enforcement agencies, healthcare providers, social workers, psychologists, and civil society organizations. This practice aligns with the collaborative governance framework proposed by Ansell and Gash, emphasizing dialogue, trust-building, and shared commitment among stakeholders. The integrated service model contributes positively to victims’ recovery and enhances family resilience, particularly in terms of emotional support, social stability, and adaptive capacity after crises. However, the study also reveals that collaborative governance has not been fully institutionalized, particularly regarding data integration systems and standardized operational procedures. Strengthening institutional frameworks, digitalizing service systems, and enhancing human resource capacity are necessary to ensure sustainable and accountable public service delivery. This research contributes theoretically to the development of collaborative public administration and offers practical recommendations for local governments in promoting inclusive and resilience-oriented protection services for women and children.
AGILE GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL RESILIENCE: AN EVALUATION OF ADAPTIVE POLICY THE SOCIAL AFFAIRS OFFICE OF EAST JAVA PROVINCE
This study aims to analyze the implementation of agile governance and its contribution to strengthening institutional resilience in adaptive policy evaluation at the Regional Social Service of East Java Province. The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design to explore governance dynamics and policy evaluation processes within a public institutional context. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis, and were examined using thematic analysis techniques. The findings indicate that agile governance principles are reflected in policy responsiveness, flexible coordination, cross-sector collaboration, and data-driven evaluation processes. Adaptive policy evaluation contributes significantly to enhancing anticipatory, adaptive, and transformative capacities as the core dimensions of institutional resilience. However, structural challenges such as limited human resource capacity and regulatory synchronization continue to affect the optimization of adaptive governance practices. The study concludes that the integration of agile governance and institutional resilience represents a strategic approach to improving social policy effectiveness in complex and uncertain environments. This research provides theoretical contributions to the development of adaptive public administration paradigms and practical implications for strengthening institutional capacity in the social service sector.
ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE IN PARATRANSIT FORMALIZATION: INTEGRATING RIDE-HAILING AND URBAN MINIBUSES IN BOGOR
This study examines the policy dynamics of paratransit transportation formalization in Bogor City through an Adaptive governance perspective, focusing on the implementation of Mayor Regulation Number 45 of 2023, which integrates ride-hailing (ojek online) and urban minibuses (angkutan kota) into the formal public transportation system. The research aims to analyze the local government's adaptive regulatory capacity, collaborative multi-actor governance mechanisms, and the dynamics of negotiation and bureaucratic learning in managing the transition from an informal to an integrated transportation system. A qualitative approach with an explanatory case study design and process tracing technique was employed, involving six key informants through semi-structured interviews, regulatory document analysis, and field observation. The findings reveal that Bogor City's adaptive regulatory capacity is at a developing stage, with uneven implementation outcomes: ride-hailing driver certification reached 68.2%, angkot-to-BRT feeder conversion 44.2%, and digital payment integration 37.5% of set targets. Multi-actor collaboration mechanisms have been established and produced substantive policy compromises, yet the resulting legitimacy remains partial. The study concludes that Bogor City exhibits a governance in transition profile that requires strengthened institutional capacity, standardized monitoring-evaluation systems, and more carefully calibrated incentive mechanisms for all stakeholders.
STRATEGY FOR MONITORING ACCOUNTABILITY OF FREE MOTOR VEHICLE TESTING SERVICES AT THE SIDOARJO PKB UPT
This study aims to analyze the internal oversight strategy in overseeing the accountability of free motor vehicle inspection services (KIR testing) at the UPT PKB of the Sidoarjo Regency Transportation Agency after the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2022 and Sidoarjo Regency Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2024. This retribution exemption policy institutionally shifts the organization's orientation from fulfilling regional fiscal targets to becoming a pure public value producer unit focused on transportation safety. However, the loss of budgetary control instruments creates new challenges in the form of internal moral hazard, such as the potential for decreased apparatus discipline and procedural negligence (rubber-stamping). Using a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach with a purposive sampling technique, this study collected data through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results show that the UPT PKB Sidoarjo successfully mitigated these risks through adaptive built-in control system engineering based on Bovens' three dimensions of public accountability. In the professional dimension, technical supervision is carried out through computerized testing equipment integrated with Electronic Test Pass Certificates (BLUE) and a digital Audit Trail system. In the administrative dimension, daily data reconciliation is carried out between the number of vehicles in the lane CCTV cameras and the issued BLUE certificates. Meanwhile, in the social dimension, a QR Code complaint channel is provided that is directly integrated with the Indonesian Ombudsman. This study concludes that the effectiveness of accountable and integrity-based toll-free services is largely determined by management's commitment to enforcing a strict digital monitoring strategy to reduce the subjective discretion of officers in the field.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A DATA VISUALIZATION DASHBOARD FOR PT KERETA API INDONESIA (PERSERO) REGIONAL DIVISION III PALEMBANG USING THE PROTOTYPE METHOD
The management of operational data at PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Regional Division III Palembang still relies on Microsoft Excel as the primary medium for storing, processing, and presenting data. All data analysis is carried out manually, and information is still displayed in tabular form, making it difficult for users to quickly and comprehensively understand large volumes of data, identify patterns, or observe trends. This condition results in an inefficient and time-consuming monitoring and decision-making process, as the company has not yet had an automated dashboard capable of transforming Excel data into visual information. This study aims to analyze user requirements and design a web-based data visualization dashboard using the Prototype method, which consists of five stages: Communication, Quick Plan, Modeling Quick Design, Construction of Prototype, and Deployment, Delivery and Feedback. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and discussions with the Information Systems Division. System modeling was carried out using Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) and Unified Modeling Language (UML), including Use Case Diagrams, Activity Diagrams, and Class Diagrams, while the user interface prototype was designed using Figma. The results show that the proposed dashboard is able to accommodate the functional and non-functional requirements identified, including Excel/CSV file upload, automatic data processing, data visualization in the form of bar charts, line charts, and pie charts, as well as statistical analysis (minimum, maximum, average, and sum). The resulting dashboard prototype is expected to serve as a reference for further system development, enabling faster, clearer, and more effective data monitoring and decision-making at PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Regional Division III Palembang.
EFFECTIVENESS AND DESIGN OF DIGITAL GAME-BASED LEARNING FOR SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Mastery of Science Process Skills (SPS) is a foundational competency in STEM higher education; however, conventional instructional methods consistently fail to facilitate deep engagement with complex and abstract scientific phenomena. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) in developing undergraduate students’ science process skills, and to identify the instructional design elements most critical to achieving these outcomes. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 protocol. Empirical articles were retrieved from Scopus and ScienceDirect (2021–2025) and appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). A final corpus of 33 articles was synthesised. DGBL produced consistently positive and significant effects on higher-order science process skills, with synthesised effect sizes of Hedges’ g ≈ 0.65–0.82 for problem-solving, critical thinking, and scientific reasoning. Effects on lower-order skills were more modest (g ≈ 0.38–0.45). Adaptive scaffolding, immediate formative feedback, and precise Learning Mechanics–Game Mechanics (LM–GM) alignment were identified as the most influential design variables. Stealth assessment frameworks provided more objective and process-oriented evaluations than conventional instruments. DGBL grounded in robust pedagogical design effectively bridges the gap between abstract scientific theory and authentic inquiry-based practice. Future research should prioritise Generative AI integration, immersive technologies, and longitudinal studies tracking long-term SPS retention.
INCOME DYNAMICS OF MICRO-TRADERS AMIDST CLIMATE CHANGE AND ECONOMIC PRESSURES: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF MICRO-TRADERS IN KEMBANGBAHU DISTRICT, LAMONGAN REGENCY
Climate change and economic pressures pose challenges to the business sustainability of micro-traders, primarily due to erratic weather patterns, rising raw material costs, and declining public purchasing power. These conditions cause fluctuations in the income of micro-traders in Kembangbahu District, Lamongan Regency, necessitating an examination of the influencing factors. This study aims to describe the income dynamics of micro-traders, analyze the impact of climate change and economic pressures on income, and identify the adaptation strategies employed by traders to sustain their businesses. The study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving micro-traders as key informants, and subsequently validated using source and technique triangulation. The results indicate that micro-traders' income fluctuates, influenced by climate change, which leads to a reduction in the number of consumers and disruptions in the distribution of goods. Furthermore, economic pressures manifesting as rising raw material prices, increased operational costs, and declining public purchasing power further reduce traders' profits. To sustain their businesses, traders implement various adaptation strategies, such as adjusting operating hours, diversifying products, cutting operational costs, and utilizing social media for marketing. The study concludes that climate change and economic pressures significantly impact the income dynamics of micro-traders. Therefore, government support is required through business capacity building, access to capital, and business digitalization. Future research is encouraged to expand the study area to obtain more comprehensive results.
ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES AS A DRIVER OF BUSINESS RESILIENCE: EXPLORING THE MODERATING EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING
Research This aim For analyze the influence of organizational resources on business resilience and test the role of environmental scanning as variables moderation. In the environment growing business dynamic and full uncertainty, ability organization in manage source power and understanding change environment external become factor important in maintain sustainability business. Research This use approach quantitative with explanatory research design. Data obtained through distribution questionnaire to owners and managers organizations that meet criteria research. Measurement variables done use five- point Likert scale. Data analysis was performed use regression moderation For test influence direct organizational resources and environmental scanning towards business resilience as well influence interaction between organizational resources and environmental scanning. Research results show that organizational resources have an influence positive and significant towards business resilience. Environmental scanning also has an impact positive towards business resilience. In addition, environmental scanning has been proven strengthen connection between organizational resources and business resilience. Findings This show that availability source internal power will more effective in build resilience business when organization in a way active do monitoring and analysis to change environment external.
WATER IMMERSION CONTRAST BATH TRAINING FOR MUSCLE AND JOINT PAIN IN OLDER ADULTS
The growing number of older adults in Indonesia is accompanied by a higher prevalence of degenerative musculoskeletal complaints, particularly muscle and joint pain. In Senden, Tohudan Village, Colomadu, Karanganyar, older residents have limited knowledge of independent, non-pharmacological pain management. This community service programme aimed to improve the knowledge and independence of integrated health post cadres and older adults in applying the water immersion contrast bath method. The programme was delivered through health education, demonstration, hands-on practice, and mentoring across four sessions involving 32 participants. Understanding was measured before and after the programme using a five-item questionnaire with a four-point scale, programme benefit was assessed with a six-item questionnaire, and suggestions were collected through an open-ended question. Data were analysed descriptively and with the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The mean understanding score increased from 8.91 to 17.38 out of 20, and all participants moved from the two lowest categories into the understanding and fully understanding categories (Z = -4.963; p < 0.001; r = 0.62). The benefit index reached 91.1%, and most participants expected the programme to become a routine activity of the integrated health post for older adults.
PARAFFIN BATH AND HAND EXERCISE THERAPY TO IMPROVE HAND FUNCTION IN OLDER ADULTS
Hand pain and joint stiffness are common complaints among older adults and reduce independence in daily activities. This community service program aimed to reduce hand complaints, improve hand functional ability, and increase participants’ understanding of self-management among members of the elderly integrated health post (Posyandu Lansia) in Tohudan Village, Colomadu, Karanganyar, Indonesia. Thirty participants were involved, consisting of older adults with hand complaints, health cadres, and family caregivers. The program comprised health education through lectures, demonstrations, and question-and-answer sessions, followed by paraffin bath therapy at 40–44°C combined with hand exercise therapy in the form of joint mobilisation, intrinsic muscle exercise, and gripping exercise, delivered once a week for four weeks. Participants’ understanding was measured before and after the program using a five-item questionnaire with a four-point scale. The mean understanding score increased from 6.30 ± 1.09 to 16.90 ± 2.28 out of 20, a mean gain of 10.60 ± 2.30 points that was statistically significant (paired t-test, p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 4.61). All participants reached at least the understand category and rated the program as highly beneficial (91.9%).
THE ROLE OF DRILLED WELLS IN MEETTING WATER NEEDS CLEAN PUBLIC WARD CLIFF TANAH PUTEH, WEST PRABUMULIH DISTRICT, PRABUMULIH CITY
Clean water is a basic need that must be met to support the daily activities of communities, including in Tebing Tanah Puteh Village, West Prabumulih District. However, the fulfillment of clean water needs in this area still relies heavily on drilled wells as an alternative source, while research on the management, quality, and sustainability of this water source remains limited, particularly regarding its socio-environmental impact once operational. This raises the question of how drilled wells function in meeting residents' clean water needs and what factors must be considered to maintain the quality and continuity of the water source. This study aims to understand the role of drilled wells in meeting the clean water needs of residents in Tebing Tanah Puteh Village, West Prabumulih District. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method, examining existing sources such as relevant articles and scientific journals, which are then analyzed descriptively to summarize findings systematically. The results show that drilled wells play a significant role in helping communities meet daily needs such as bathing, washing, cooking, and hygiene. However, their use must be accompanied by proper facility maintenance, routine water quality monitoring, and environmental cleanliness around the well to ensure the water source remains safe, sustainable, and usable on a continuous basis for the community.
THE PROBLEM OF WASTE DISPOSAL AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT: A CASE STUDY IN TEBING VILLAGE, TANAH PUTEH, PRABUMULIH CITY
Problems disposal rubbish is one of the problem environment that is still faced community, including in the sub-district Tanah Puteh Cliff, Prabumulih City. Research This aim For describe problem disposal rubbish as well as analyze the impact to condition environment and life community. Research This use approach descriptive qualitative with method studies literature (library research). Data used in the form of secondary data obtained from article journal scientific, books, documents government, regulations legislation, and sources written other relevant data. Data is analyzed use analysis content through the process of data reduction, grouping based on themes, data presentation, and withdrawal conclusion. Study results show that problem disposal rubbish related close with behavior society, level knowledge and awareness, attitude, availability facilities and infrastructure, support family, and involvement government. Disposal trash that is not appropriate can cause environment become dirty, causing smell No delicious, disturbing channel drainage, improve risk puddles, and potential pollute land, water, and air. Efforts to overcome this need done in a way integrated through improvement awareness society, sorting rubbish since from home, application reduce, reuse, recycle (3R) principle, provision adequate facilities, as well as development management rubbish based public like a waste bank. Synergy between government and society required For realize a clean, healthy and sustainable environment.
ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL FOR MSME DEVELOPMENT IN TEBING TANAH PUTEH VILLAGE
This study examines the potential for developing Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Tebing Tanah Puteh Village, West Prabumulih District, a newly established region still experiencing economic growth. This study aims to identify business opportunities that can be developed, particularly those that are not yet available or have not yet developed optimally within the community. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach, obtaining information through observations of the community's economic conditions and the various potentials and obstacles in business development. The results show that the limited variety of MSMEs in Tebing Tanah Puteh Village can actually be an opportunity for the community to build new businesses tailored to consumer needs and regional characteristics. Household-based businesses and the provision of products and services that are not yet adequately available are alternatives that have prospects for development. However, MSME development still faces several obstacles, including limited capital, human resource capabilities, technology utilization, and marketing. Therefore, synergy is needed between the community and the government through training, mentoring, licensing facilitation, access to financing, and strengthening marketing and the use of digital technology. Targeted MSME development is expected to increase economic activity and open up business opportunities for the local community.
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND WORK DISCIPLINE IN IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT THE SECRETARIAT OF THE REGIONAL HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF LAMPUNG PROVINCE
This study analyzes organizational culture in work discipline as an effort to improve employee performance at the Secretariat of the Lampung Provincial DPRD. The study was motivated by variations in employee discipline, uneven internalization of organizational values across work units, and the need for more consistent performance control. A qualitative descriptive approach was used. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation involving leaders and employees who understood the implementation of organizational culture and work discipline. Data validity was strengthened through source, method, and time triangulation as well as member checks, while analysis followed data reduction, data display, and conclusion verification. The findings show that organizational artifacts, integrity, responsibility, professionalism, teamwork, basic assumptions about discipline, and professional work ethics support the development of disciplined behavior and better performance. However, inconsistent enforcement of rules, unequal perceptions of fairness, limited two-way communication, and leadership practices that are not fully consistent remain obstacles. Strengthening organizational values, fair rule enforcement, exemplary leadership, and continuous evaluation are therefore required to sustain employee discipline and performance.
DETERMINANTS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN GENERATION Z'S USE OF E-COMMERCE SERVICES IN INDONESIA
This study aims to analyze the factors influencing customer satisfaction in e-commerce services in Indonesia, focusing on Generation Z as the dominant user segment of digital shopping platforms. Using an explanatory quantitative approach, data were collected from 100 respondents who actively transact on Shopee and TikTok Shop, selected through purposive sampling, and analyzed using multiple linear regression in SPSS. The independent variables examined were E-Service Quality, Perceived Ease of Use, Live Shopping Engagement, and Perceived Security, while Customer Satisfaction served as the dependent variable. The results show that all four variables have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, both partially and simultaneously (F = 27.956; Sig. = 0.000), explaining 52.1% of the variance in customer satisfaction (Adjusted R² = 0.521). Perceived Ease of Use emerged as the most dominant factor (β = 0.299), followed by E-Service Quality (β = 0.260), Perceived Security (β = 0.219), and Live Shopping Engagement (β = 0.176). These findings suggest that e-commerce platforms should prioritize simplifying navigation and improving system usability to strengthen customer satisfaction, while continuing to enhance service quality, transaction security, and live shopping features as complementary strategies for retaining Generation Z consumers.
TASTE, FOOD QUALITY, AND MENU VARIETY ON PURCHASE DECISIONS THROUGH PRICE
Rural catering enterprises face increasingly intense competition, as reflected in the fluctuating order volumes experienced by Pawon Fitri Catering in Sambeng District, Lamongan Regency, despite its relatively affordable pricing. This suggests that purchase decisions are not determined by price alone but are also shaped by consumers' perceptions of product attributes. This study examines the effects of taste, food quality, and menu variety on purchase decisions, both directly and through price as an intervening variable. An explanatory quantitative approach with a survey method was employed at Pawon Fitri Catering, Sambeng, Lamongan. The population comprised 1,400 consumers, from which a sample of 104 respondents was determined through purposive sampling based on the Slovin formula. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling with SmartPLS version 4. The findings reveal that taste significantly affects both purchase decisions and price, whereas food quality and menu variety do not directly affect purchase decisions but significantly influence price. Price significantly affects purchase decisions and mediates the effects of the three exogenous variables, partially for taste and fully for food quality and menu variety. These findings confirm price's dual role, indicating that catering businesses should align their product strategies with appropriate pricing policies to enhance consumers' purchase decisions