International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach - (ISSN : 3109-9777) is a journal that publishes multidisciplinary research articles, covering: Humanities and social sciences, contemporary political science, education, religious science and philosophy, engineering science, business and economics, Cooperatives, technology, health science, medical science, human resource development, PKM, art design and media science. This journal is published 6 times a year, namely February, April, June, August, October, December.
THE TRADITION OF EARLY MARRIAGE IN RURAL AND MOUNTAINOUS AREAS: A CASE STUDY IN BETEK VILLAGE, KRUCIL DISTRICT, PROBOLINGGO REGENCY
This study examines the persistence of early marriage as a socio-religious tradition in Betek Village, Krucil District, Probolinggo Regency, Indonesia. Despite the enactment of Law No. 16 of 2019, which sets the minimum marriage age at 19, early marriage continues to be practiced as part of local cultural identity. Employing a qualitative field research approach with a socio-legal perspective, this study explores how Islamic legal norms intersect with local customs and socio-economic realities. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving religious leaders, community elders, young couples, and local authorities. The findings reveal that early marriage is perceived by villagers as a moral and social obligation to preserve family honor and prevent social deviance. However, the practice often leads to economic vulnerability, limited educational attainment, and psychological strain among young couples. From the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, early marriage tends to generate more harm than benefit, undermining the principles of welfare, intellect, and lineage protection. The study concludes that a contextual reinterpretation of Islamic law, combined with education and community engagement, is essential to transform early marriage traditions toward more just and welfare-oriented practices in accordance with Islamic family ideals.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach
THE IMPACT OF UNREGISTERED (SIRI) MARRIAGE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDONESIAN MARRIAGE LAW: A CASE STUDY IN RACEK VILLAGE, TIRIS DISTRICT, PROBOLINGGO REGENCY
The phenomenon of underage unregistered (siri) marriages remains prevalent in various rural areas of Indonesia, including Racek Village, Tiris District, Probolinggo Regency. This practice is often carried out without official state registration and involves couples who have not yet reached the legal age of adulthood. This study aims to analyze the causes of underage unregistered marriages, examine their impact on household harmony, and review the practice from the perspectives of Indonesian marriage law and Islamic law. The research employs a juridical-empirical and sociological approach, collecting data through interviews and observations involving underage married couples, community leaders, and village officials.The findings reveal that economic hardship, low educational attainment, and the persistence of local cultural traditions are the primary factors driving underage unregistered marriages. The impacts include emotional instability, economic pressure, domestic conflict, and the deprivation of legal rights for both spouses and children. From the perspective of positive law, this practice contradicts Law No. 16 of 2019 on Marriage and the principles of child protection. From the standpoint of Islamic law, it is inconsistent with the objectives of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, particularly the principle of hifz al-nasl (protection of lineage).This study recommends strengthening the roles of government institutions, religious authorities, and local communities in legal education and family guidance programs to prevent child marriage.
STUDENT PERCEPTION OF THE ROLE OF LECTURERS AS MENTORS IN SELF-DEVELOPMENT
Student self-development encompasses cognitive, emotional, social, and professional development, essential for facing academic and social challenges. Lecturers play a central role as mentors in this process. However, mentoring in higher education is often suboptimal and informal. This study aims to understand students’ perceptions of the role of lecturers as mentors in self-development. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, using in-depth interviews with three students at the University of Muhammadiyah Aceh who had participated in lecturer mentoring activities. The results showed that students viewed lecturer mentors as guiding figures who provided both academic and emotional support. Lecturers were seen as participating in increasing students’ self-confidence, learning motivation, and critical thinking skills. However, lecturer involvement in mentoring remains variable and not formally structured. Therefore, a more focused mentoring system is needed to strengthen the relationship between lecturers and students so that they can support holistic student self-development.
INNOVATION PAI TEACHING THROUGH A CRITICAL APPROACH AT MUHAMMADIYAH 2 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL SIDOARJO
This study aims to analyze the innovation of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning methods based on a critical thinking approach at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo. The research employs a qualitative field research design to explore teachers’ and students’ experiences in implementing reflective, dialogical, and problem-based learning models. Data were collected through classroom observations, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using Miles & Huberman’s interactive model. The findings reveal that critical-based PAI learning improves students’ participation, motivation, and critical reasoning while strengthening character and digital literacy. Teachers act as facilitators by applying discussion, case studies, and digital media integration, creating meaningful and contextual learning experiences. The study concludes that critical thinking approaches supported by technology and reflective pedagogy effectively foster 21st-century skills and Islamic character among students.
HARNESSING AUGMENTED REALITY FOR INTERACTIVE LEARNING IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION
Education plays a strategic role in shaping civilization and maximizing human potential. Yet conventional teaching approaches often struggle to effectively raise students’ motivation and understanding, particularly within Islamic Religious Education (IRE). Technological advances offer viable alternatives through interactive media such as Augmented Reality (AR), which enables concrete visualization of learning content. This study seeks to examine the use of AR as an interactive learning medium in IRE using a literature review approach. Research articles were identified via Google Scholar with the keywords “Augmented Reality,” “Interactive Learning Media,” and “Islamic Religious Education,” and were screened for relevance, publication within the last five years (2021–2025), and accessibility. The review indicates that AR substantially improves student motivation, comprehension, and engagement, especially for topics such as the history of Muslim scientists, funeral rites, sīrah nabawiyyah, tajwīd, and the practice of Hajj and ‘Umrah. By addressing the limitations of traditional methods, AR emerges as a meaningful innovation in contemporary education and is expected to support more relevant and transformative learning experiences. These findings also highlight implications for curriculum design, teacher training, and assessment.
THE INFLUENCE OF HAJJ OFFICERS’ COMMUNICATION PSYCHOLOGY ON PILGRIMS’ SATISFACTION IN UMRAH SERVICE AT PT. DARUL ARQAM TRAVEL TOUR KRAKSAAN
This study analyzes how the communication psychology of Hajj officers influences pilgrims’ satisfaction in Umrah services at PT. Darul Arqam Travel Tour Kraksaan. The findings reveal that officers who demonstrate strong psychological communication skills such as empathy, emotional awareness, active listening, message clarity, and adaptive interaction significantly enhance pilgrims’ emotional comfort, trust, and overall satisfaction. Clear and structured information delivery reduces confusion during worship activities and travel procedures, especially for first-time pilgrims. Despite challenges such as diverse personalities, varying levels of understanding, and emotional fatigue among pilgrims, officers who apply adaptive communication strategies can effectively overcome these barriers and maintain a positive communication climate. The study concludes that psychological communication not only supports smooth service operations but also strengthens trust and long-term loyalty, making it an essential component in improving the quality of Umrah services.
THE IMPACT OF COMMUNICATION PSYCHOLOGY IN GUIDANCE SERVICES ON PILGRIMS’ TRUST TOWARD UMRAH TRAVEL AGENCIES
The rapid expansion of the Umrah industry has intensified the need for high-quality guidance services that address both the logistical and psychological dimensions of pilgrimage preparation. This study investigates the impact of communication psychology on pilgrims’ trust toward Umrah travel agencies, focusing on key communicative elements such as empathy, message clarity, emotional support, responsiveness, and guide credibility. Using a quantitative explanatory design, data were collected from 268 Indonesian pilgrims through validated Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using PLS-SEM. The findings show that communication psychology is applied effectively within guidance services and significantly enhances pilgrims’ trust. Empathic interaction, understandable ritual explanations, emotional regulation, and interpersonal warmth create a supportive learning environment that reduces anxiety and increases confidence. Communication behavior that reflects credibility, transparency, and genuine care also strengthens perceptions of agency integrity and reliability. These results confirm that psychological aspects of communication play a critical role in trust formation, complementing operational service quality. The study fills an important research gap by empirically modeling communication psychology as a multidimensional predictor of trust in Umrah services and offers practical implications for agency training programs aimed at improving guide competence and pilgrims’ overall experience.
THE THREE PHASES OF ISLAMIC STUDIES IN THE WEST: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF ORIENTALIST, MISSIONARY, AND COLONIAL LEGACIES
This study critically analyzes the genealogical development of Islamic studies in the West through three interconnected historical phases—theological, political, and scientific—examining how Orientalism, missionary enterprise, and colonialism have shaped each stage. Employing genealogical and critical discourse analysis following Foucauldian frameworks, the investigation examines historical and academic texts to trace power-knowledge dynamics across these phases. Findings demonstrate that the theological phase (medieval period) featured Christian polemical traditions constructing Islam as a heretical deviation; the political phase (colonial era) transformed Orientalism into an administrative apparatus for governing Muslim populations; and the scientific phase (modern universities) maintained Orientalist residues despite objectivity claims. These three forces collectively generate knowledge regimes that systematically marginalize Islamic epistemology and silence Muslim scholarly voices. Theoretically, the findings underscore imperatives for Muslim-majority regions to critically examine their dependence on the Western academic paradigm, while advocating that Western institutions cultivate inclusive epistemic spaces that incorporate Muslim communities into knowledge production. The study recommends future research through case studies of national contexts, biographical examinations of influential scholars, and explorations of Islamic subfields via decolonial lenses. Also, establishing global Islamic studies networks based in Muslim contexts, democratizing academic access, and implementing dialogical, interdisciplinary approaches grounded in epistemic justice principles.
FOLLOW-UP OF ISLAMIC EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, DEEP LEARNING AND AI, THE CONCEPT PF LOCAL WISDOM, A LOVE-BASED CURRICULUM IN ISLAMIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
This article discusses the follow-up to the development of Islamic educational institutions in integrating Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology with the concept of local wisdom and a love-based curriculum in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). This approach emphasizes the humanization of education through the values ​​of compassion, spirituality, character, and the use of adaptive technology for personalized learning. Literature research was conducted by reviewing journals, books, and scientific reports from the last ten years. The analysis results indicate that the integration of AI–Deep Learning can improve the effectiveness of learning, automated assessment, personalization of materials, and strengthening character education based on local wisdom. This article presents a conceptual framework, implementation plan, learning design, module examples, lesson plans, syllabi, portfolio rubrics, and operational recommendations for madrasahs.
PUBLIC AWARENESS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN YOGYAKARTA THROUGH THE FRAMEWORK OF ISLAMIC ECOLOGICAL ETHICS
Municipal solid waste remains a pressing environmental challenge in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY), characterized by the continuous increase in waste generation, limited waste-management infrastructure, and low levels of public awareness and participation. This study aims to identify and analyze public perceptions and attitudes toward waste management across the five administrative regions of DIY through the distribution of 250 questionnaires administered using a random-sampling technique. The collected data were examined using descriptive statistics, k-means clustering, and heatmap visualization. The findings indicate significant variations in awareness and participation levels based on demographic factors such as age, gender, educational background, occupation, and residential area. The clustering analysis categorized respondents into three groups low awareness (34%), moderate awareness (25%), and high awareness (41%) each requiring different forms of intervention. Beyond the social dimension, the results demonstrate that Islamic ethical principles such as cleanliness as part of faith, the prohibition of environmental destruction (fasād), and the human responsibility as khalifah (stewards of the Earth) serve as an ethical and spiritual foundation that can reinforce community-based waste-management initiatives. Overall, the study concludes that addressing the waste crisis in Yogyakarta requires more than infrastructural solutions; it demands cultural transformation, continuous environmental education, and cross-sector collaboration to build collective ecological awareness and sustainable public engagement.
EXPLORING ISLAMIC PSYCHOLOGY CONCEPTS IN ENHANCING THE LEARNING MOTIVATION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP STUDENTS
Learning motivation is a fundamental element in the success of higher education, especially in entrepreneurship courses that require creativity, innovation, courage to take risks, and mental toughness. This study aims to analyze the contribution of Islamic psychology concepts in increasing student learning motivation in entrepreneurship learning in Islamic higher education institutions. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method through classroom observation, semi-structured interviews, and learning reflections on students from eight undergraduate programs at Ahmad Dahlan University, namely Psychology, Law, Information Systems, Food Technology, English Literature, Biology, Pharmacy, and Medicine. The results of the study indicate that the integration of Islamic psychological values, including fitrah, religious motivation, tazkiyatun nafs, work ethics, and the concept of ikhtiar tawakal, plays a significant role in increasing student learning motivation, both quantitatively (discipline, participation, and project completion) and qualitatively (deepening the meaning of learning, work ethic, courage to innovate, and resilience in the face of failure). A relatively consistent positive response was found in all study programs, but with nuances of internalization that differed according to the characteristics of each discipline. These findings emphasize the importance of developing an Islamic psychology-based entrepreneurial learning model to produce Muslim entrepreneurial graduates who are competent, have integrity, are resilient, and are oriented towards social benefit.
The THE EPISTEMOLOGY OF THE QUR’ANIC INIMITABILITY (I‘JĀZ AL-QUR’ĀN) FROM ISSA J. BOULLATA'S PERSPECTIVE
The orientalists are sceptical about the originality of the Qur’an. Still, it turns out that Issa Joseph Boullata has another view by proposing the i’jāz (inimitability) as an indicator of the originality of the Qur’an. This study is important considering that the discourse of i’jāz Al-Qur’an has been studied theologically, which has made it more engaged by insiders. The purpose of this article is to explain how Boullata, as an outsider, also built his system in the i’jāz study. This research employs the library research method to gather data, which is then described and analysed using epistemological theory to provide an overview and focus for the research. Boullata formulated the idea of rhetorical arrangement (balāgy) in the Qur’an, which shows a very high literary taste. To find the rhetorical and aesthetic side of literature in the Qur’an, Boullata began i’jāz’s study by considering the Qur’an as a literary text, so that it would be separated from the theological realm. So, with this, Boullata confirmed the authenticity of the Qur’an based on the equality of the literature contained in it and made i’jāz an indicator of the originality of the Qur’an. This article focuses on the i’jāz aspect of the Qur’an from Boullata’s perspective. Further investigation regarding the impact of i’jāz on the originality of the Qur’an, according to Boullata, can be carried out to enrich the discourse on the study of the Qur’an and Orientalism.
THEMATIC INTERPRETATION AS AN INTEGRATIVE ‎EPISTEMOLOGICAL MODEL FOR CONTEMPORARY ‎ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION ‎
This study explores the thematic interpretation method (tafsir maudhu’i) as a significant approach to engaging the Qur’an with contemporary knowledge. The research is driven by the urgency to bridge Qur’anic guidance with the rapid advancement of modern sciences, which often lack ethical and spiritual grounding. The objectives are to outline the fundamental principles of tafsir maudhu’i, evaluate its contribution to the development of contemporary disciplines, and assess its broader implications for Islamic epistemology. Utilizing a library-based method, the study reviews both classical sources and recent scholarship. The findings indicate that tafsir maudhu’i demonstrates an integrative and context-sensitive character, offering applicable ethical foundations that can guide the interaction between revelation and social realities. Furthermore, this method provides a conceptual framework for constructing a paradigm of knowledge that unites scriptural insights with the demands of modern society. The research concludes that tafsir maudhu’i functions not only as a hermeneutical tool but also as an epistemological model capable of renewing Islamic thought in addressing global challenges.
BEYOND FREUD AND BEHAVIORISM: SUFISM AS THE ROOT OF TRANSPERSONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN UNDERSTANDING HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS
This article aims to analyze the position of Sufism as an often overlooked intellectual and practical foundation in the birth of Transpersonal Psychology. Through a literature study and comparative analysis approach, this research criticizes the limitations of mainstream psychological paradigms—particularly Freudian Psychoanalysis and Behaviorism—which fail to explain the spiritual dimension and peak experiences of humans. The research findings show that key concepts of Sufism such as fana ' (destruction of the ego ), ma'rifat(divine knowledge), andZikr as a method of developing consciousness, has been discussing the "transpersonal" area centuries before modern psychology formulated it. Sufism is not just a parallel, but functions as a root that provides a comprehensive spiritual journey map. This article concludes that the integration of the Sufi heritage with Transpersonal Psychology can lead to a more holistic understanding of human consciousness, moving beyond pathological models to a model of actualizing the highest human potential. This study recommends further exploration of Sufism practices as a therapeutic modality in the context of contemporary psychology.
MINDFULNESS VS. OVERTHINKING: A TRANSPERSONAL AND PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO COLLEGE STUDENTS' MENTAL HEALTH
This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method to examine the role of mindfulness in addressing overthinking and improving university students’ mental health. Based on an analysis of various scholarly sources and previous studies, mindfulness is found to be effective in reducing anxiety, enhancing emotional regulation, and helping students observe their thoughts without becoming trapped in excessive rumination. Mindfulness practices also enable individuals to be more present in the moment, allowing them to respond to academic pressures in a more adaptive manner. When combined with a transpersonal approach, the benefits of mindfulness expand further by fostering self-awareness, spiritual growth, and holistic psychological balance. The transpersonal perspective supports students in understanding deeper inner experiences and strengthening connections with positive values that promote mental well-being. In light of these findings, this study recommends that universities integrate mindfulness practices into mental health programs, counseling services, and student development activities. Such efforts are considered valuable in helping students cope with increasingly complex academic demands, enhance their resilience, and create a healthier, more supportive learning environment for their overall mental well-being.
ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION
Islamic education faces complex challenges in the era of globalization and modernization, characterized by advances in information technology, sociocultural transformation, and shifts in life values. This study aims to identify the challenges facing Islamic education, analyze its fundamental characteristics, and formulate comprehensive development strategies. Using a qualitative method with library research, this study analyzes various literature related to Islamic education, globalization, and modernization through content analysis techniques. The findings reveal that Islamic education possesses four fundamental characteristics: theocentric, comprehensive and balanced, morality-oriented, and humanistic and universal. Islamic education confronts six major challenges encompassing ideology and thought, technology and information, the dichotomy of religious and general sciences, educator quality, welfare, and sociocultural value changes. Development strategies include integrative curriculum reform, modernization of learning methods, improvement of educator quality, strengthening of management, development of character education, and strategic cooperation. The integration of Islamic values with modern science through the Islamization of knowledge and integration-interconnection models becomes key to the relevance of Islamic education. The study concludes that Islamic education must adopt a moderate stance (wasathiyah) integrating classical heritage and modern advancement to produce graduates with deep religious knowledge, broad general knowledge, technological skills, and noble character.
A PLURIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO SCIENTIFIC INTEGRATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC EDUCATION
The development of science and technology has brought significant impacts on Islamic education. One of these impacts is the challenge to reshape scientific paradigms to become more open, integrated, and interdisciplinary. This article aims to examine the essence and contribution of the pluridisciplinary approach within the process of knowledge integration and its application in Islamic education. The study employs a library research method by reviewing a range of relevant academic sources, including books, scholarly articles, conference proceedings, and institutional documents. The analysis was conducted through systematic stages, encompassing source collection, literature classification, content examination, and the formulation of a conceptual synthesis. The findings indicate that the pluridisciplinary approach plays an essential role in dismantling the divide between religious and general sciences. Through this approach, various disciplines—such as theology, sociology, psychology, and educational management—can interact on an equal footing to construct a comprehensive understanding of the realities of Islamic education. Its implementation can be observed in integrative curriculum development, collaborative cross-disciplinary learning, multidisciplinary research, and educational management that is responsive to globalization and digital technology advancement. The article concludes that the pluridisciplinary approach is not merely an analytical method but also serves as a philosophical foundation for developing an Islamic education system that combines spiritual, intellectual, and social values. This approach reaffirms the principle of the unity of knowledge in Islam, which holds that all knowledge originates from God and must be utilized for the benefit of humanity. Consequently, Islamic education can progress toward a holistic, humanistic system aligned with the demands of contemporary times.
THE ROLE OF PSYCHODIAGNOSTICS IN IDENTIFYING EMOTIONAL DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENTS
Adolescence is a developmental phase characterized by complex biological, psychological, and social changes, making individuals vulnerable to emotional disorders such as anxiety, depression, and affective instability. Early identification of these conditions is crucial to prevent long-term negative impacts, particularly on academic achievement, social relationships, and overall mental health. This article aims to analyze the role of psychodiagnostics as a systematic approach to identifying emotional disorders in adolescents. The method used was a literature review of 20 relevant national and international journals on psychological assessment, psychometrics, and adolescent development. The results showed that the use of psychodiagnostic tools such as projective tests, personality inventories, emotion scales, and clinical interviews can provide a comprehensive picture of adolescents' emotional states. Furthermore, the integration of multiple instruments has been shown to increase diagnostic accuracy. These findings confirm that psychodiagnostics plays a crucial role in the early detection of emotional disorders and serves as the basis for developing more targeted psychological interventions. Thus, psychodiagnostics is a crucial component in efforts to prevent and treat emotional problems in adolescents.
THE ROLE OF PSYCHODIAGNOSTICS IN MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDING PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Psychodiagnostics is a crucial tool in psychology, used to measure, assess, and understand an individual's psychological state. The primary goal of psychodiagnostics is to provide an objective picture of a person's cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects, which can be used as a basis for intervention, counseling, and research. This article examines the role of psychodiagnostics in understanding psychological conditions through various methods, including standardized psychological tests, observation, clinical interviews, and personality inventories. The study's findings indicate that the appropriate use of psychodiagnostics can improve the accuracy of assessing psychological disorders, identify individual strengths and weaknesses, and facilitate appropriate intervention planning. However, the application of psychodiagnostics also faces challenges related to tool validity, assessor bias, and the ethical use of psychological data. Therefore, psychodiagnostics serves not only as a measurement tool but also as an important medium for understanding an individual's overall psychological dynamics, thus supporting a more scientific and evidence-based psychological practice.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SMART VILLAGE CONCEPT BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM THROUGH THE EMPOWERMENT OF OFFICIALS AND THE COMMUNITY OF TABAH VILLAGE IN THE KKN PROGRAM
The Smart Village Community Service Program (KKN) based on local wisdom in Tabah Village aims to encourage village transformation towards more modern, inclusive, and digitally oriented governance. This activity uses the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach as the main strategy to map, optimize, and empower local assets, including human resources, economic potential, social institutions, and village digital infrastructure. The program implementation includes mapping village assets, digital literacy training, assistance in using the DIGIDES platform, creating village websites and social media accounts, and compiling maps and infographics of public services. The results of the activity show that the ABCD approach has succeeded in increasing the capacity of village officials in digital administration, expanding access to public information, and encouraging the active role of youth and the community in the digital transformation of the village. Although there are still obstacles in the form of limited internet access and digital literacy among some residents, high community participation and support from village officials are factors that support the sustainability of the program. Overall, this KKN activity proved that the integration of digital technology and local wisdom through the ABCD approach can be an effective model in the development of an independent and sustainable Smart Village.
ANALYSIS STUDY OF THE BOOK AL-KASHFU WA-TABYIN IN SUFISM LEARNING TO DEVELOP RELIGIOSITY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF IMAM AL-GHAZALI
This research is titled "Analysis Study of the Book Al-Kashfu wa-Tabyin in Sufism Learning to Develop Religiosity from the Perspective of Imam Al-Ghazali". This research aims to analyze the role of the book Al-Kashfu wa-Tabyin in Sufism learning to develop students' religiosity, highlighting the perspective of Imam Al-Ghazali. The method used in this research is library research, which involves collecting and analyzing various relevant literature, particularly the book Al-Kashfu wa-Tabyin and the works of Imam Al-Ghazali related to the concept of religiosity in Sufism. The research findings indicate that the development of religiosity thru Sufism learning can be categorized into three main aspects: (a) Religious Belief, which is the strengthening of fundamental beliefs toward religious teachings and spiritual values; (b) Religious Commitment, which is a high commitment to consistently practicing religious teachings in daily life; and (c) Religious Behavior, which is real behavior that reflects religious values, such as honesty, empathy, and simplicity. The book Al-Kashfu wa-Tabyin, from the perspective of Imam Al-Ghazali, is an important source for instilling Sufistic values that focus on purifying the heart and strengthening spiritual connection with Allah SWT. Thus, learning Sufism based on this classical work can be an effective strategy for developing holistic religiosity that encompasses aspects of belief, commitment, and behavior. This study recommends integrating Sufism teachings and classical texts into the Islamic education curriculum to cultivate religious individuals with character.
THE ROLE OF PSYCHODIAGNOSTICS IN UNDERSTANDING THE MENTAL HEALTH OF MODERN INDIVIDUALS
Psychodiagnostics is a crucial field in modern psychology, serving to objectively and comprehensively assess, measure, and understand an individual's mental health. Amidst the dynamics of 21st-century life, characterized by high demands, social pressures, and an increase in mental disorders, the need for systematic psychological assessment is growing. This article aims to examine the role of psychodiagnostics in understanding the mental health of modern individuals through an analysis of various assessment methods, such as psychological testing, clinical interviews, observation, inventory scales, and documentation analysis. A multidimensional approach to psychodiagnostics enables early identification of psychological disorders, mapping risk factors, and providing appropriate intervention recommendations. The findings indicate that psychodiagnostics serves not only as a detection tool but also as a basis for decision-making in clinical interventions, therapy planning, and monitoring mental health development. Thus, psychodiagnostics plays a strategic role in improving the psychological well-being of modern individuals through valid, reliable, and evidence-based assessments.
AI-BASED HUMAN CAPITAL AS A CATALYST FOR INCREASING THE STRATEGIC AGILITY OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
The development of AI technology is able to invite educational organizations to continue to learn and develop the capacity of human capital, so that they are able to adapt to changes in the world. The purpose of this research is to explain the role of AI-based human capital as a catalyst to improve and increase the strategic agility of an educational organization. Through descriptive analysis and literature review, the implementation of human capital management and development is able to strengthen educational organizations by responding to changes quickly, making data-based decisions, and fostering innovation. AI also plays a role in personalizing learning, improving human capital competence, and process efficiency. How to maximize these benefits? It is necessary to develop an adaptive culture, digital literacy, and strengthen infrastructure and policies. The results of this study explain that the synergy between AI and human capital capacity is important in increasing the strategic agility of educational organizations to answer challenges in the current era.
BAQIR AL-SADR AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF ISLAMIC ECONOMICS AS AN IDEOLOGICAL SCHOOL OF THOUGHT: A REFLECTIVE INTERPRETATION THROUGH WILHELM DILTHEY’S HERMENEUTICS
This study aims to analyze Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr's economic system of thought, particularly in developing a distinctive conceptual framework for Islamic economics based on sharia principles. The type of research used is qualitative with a case study approach, which serves to gain an in-depth understanding of al-Shadr's ideas, concepts, and contributions to Islamic economics. Secondary data was obtained through a literature study of al-Sadr's main work, Iqtishaduna, and analyzed using descriptive-analytical methods with Wilhelm Dilthey's hermeneutic theoretical framework. The findings show that al-Shadr defines Islamic economics as an ideological school of thought and normative doctrine that is fully integrated into the structure of Islamic teachings, not merely an empirical science. The system he built is based on three main pillars: dual ownership (private and public), economic freedom limited by sharia, and the enforcement of social justice principles, which are realized through takaful ijtima‘i and tawazun ijtima‘i. Al-Shadr rejected the views of Capitalism and Marxism on economic issues, stating that the real root of economic problems lies in human greed and unfair distribution, not in the scarcity of resources. Methodologically, his criticism of Historical Materialism is understood as a rejection of attempts to apply the reductionist Erklären (explanatory) method to the human sciences. Finally, Al-Sadr's process of Iktishāf (discovery) of Islamic economic theory—which moves from legal details (furū) to general theoretical principles (al-qā’idah al-‘āmmah)—is in line with Dilthey's concept of Seminal Decision as a methodological reconstruction to reveal the systematic coherence of Sharia.
THE ETHICAL CRISIS OF STUDENTS AND THE ROLE OF ‎THE QUR'AN, SUNNAH, AND IJTIHAD IN EDUCATION
This article aims to analyze the growing ethical crisis among students in schools and Islamic boarding institutions and to examine the role of the Qur’an, Sunnah, and the principles of ijtihad in revitalizing fiqh learning to foster a dignified educational culture. This study employs a library research approach by reviewing classical and contemporary fiqh literature to explore the foundational concepts of Islamic law and their relevance for strengthening models, methods, strategies, media, and evaluation in fiqh instruction. The findings indicate that increasing cases of violence against teachers, bullying, harassment, and the cult of charismatic figures are closely related to the weak internalization of Islamic legal values in fiqh learning and the low level of students’ religious literacy. The discussion reveals that the normative values of the Qur’an and Sunnah offer a moral framework that can serve as the basis for designing effective fiqh learning, while ijtihad provides opportunities to develop contextual, critical, and responsive instructional approaches suited to contemporary educational challenges. These findings highlight the need to reconstruct integrative fiqh learning capable of reducing moral degradation and creating safe, humane, and civilized learning environments. The impact of this study lies in offering a Qur’an–Sunnah–Ijtihad–based framework for fiqh education as a comprehensive solution to current ethical problems among students.
ANTIHEROES AND THE DIALECTIC OF FREEDOM–‎ORDER: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE THOUGHTS OF ‎EREN YEAGER, THANOS, AND THE TEMPLARS–‎ASSASSINS
This study explores the ideological dimensions of antiheroes in contemporary popular culture by conducting a comparative analysis of Eren Yeager, Thanos, and the Assassin–Templar conflict in Assassin’s Creed. Eren represents radical freedom driven by collective trauma and existential threat, often navigating moral ambiguity between liberation and destruction. Thanos embodies extreme utilitarian order, prioritizing systemic stability and the “greatest good” over individual moral agency, reflecting authoritarian and technocratic problem-solving logic. Meanwhile, the Assassin–Templar conflict presents a nuanced dialectic between liberty and control, with both factions justifying morally ambiguous actions to achieve societal balance. This research examines how these narratives articulate ethical dilemmas, ideological motivations, and the tension between freedom and order, demonstrating that modern antiheroes serve as critical lenses for evaluating complex political, social, and philosophical questions. The findings indicate that popular media provides a reflective space in which audiences negotiate morality, authority, and autonomy, highlighting the relevance of antiheroes in understanding contemporary ethical and ideological challenges.
COMMUNICATION STYLE OF SRIWIJAYA 94.3 FM RADIO ANNOUNCERS: A CASE STUDY OF RELATIONSHIPS WITH LISTENERS
This study examines the communication style of Sriwijaya 94.3 FM radio announcers and their role in building closeness with listeners amid the increasingly digital audio media landscape. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through program observations, in-depth interviews with announcers and listeners, and analysis of social media documentation. The findings indicate that announcers employ a warm and empathetic communication style, rooted in local culture, and highly responsive to listener interactions and feedback. Consistent relationship-building through on-air rituals, public appreciation, and topic continuity strengthens parasocial bonds between announcers and listeners. This approach not only creates positive emotional experiences but also fosters audience loyalty toward the radio station. The study highlights the importance of humanistic and adaptive communication strategies for local radio in maintaining relevance and closeness with listeners in the digital era, while providing insights for developing more effective broadcasting practices.
THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION ON THE QUALITY OF ONLINE LEARNING
The rapid development of information technology has encouraged the implementation of online learning in higher education. Optimal utilization of information technology has become a crucial factor in improving the quality of online learning for students. This study aims to analyze the effect of information technology utilization on the quality of students’ online learning. The study employs a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires to students participating in online learning. The variables examined include the level of information technology utilization and the quality of students’ online learning, which encompasses aspects of learning interaction, ease of access, effectiveness of content delivery, and learning satisfaction. The data were analyzed using statistical analysis techniques to determine the influence between the independent and dependent variables. The results indicate that the utilization of information technology has a positive and significant effect on the quality of students’ online learning. These findings suggest that effective utilization of information technology can enhance student engagement, the effectiveness of the learning process, and the overall quality of online learning in higher education. This study is expected to serve as a reference for higher education institutions in designing more effective online learning strategies that are oriented toward students’ needs.
INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AND LOCAL WISDOM: THE ABCD APPROACH IN IMPLEMENTING SMART VILLAGE IN BUKIT TINGGI VILLAGE, BATU PUTIH, NORTH KOLAKA
The Smart Village Community Service Program (KKN) aims to analyze the application of the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach in supporting the transformation of Bukit Tinggi Village into a Smart Village based on local wisdom. Community service activities were carried out over 45 days through the stages of discovery, design, implementation, and reflection, with the active participation of the community, village officials, and local organizations. Data collection was conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation to identify the village's human, social, cultural, and economic resources. The results of the activities showed that the ABCD approach was effective in optimizing the role of the community in the village digitalization process, particularly through the development of a DIGIDES- based village website, management of official social media, preparation of public service infographics, and production of digital educational content. This program contributed to improving digital literacy, transparency of public services, and strengthening local identity amid the development of digital technology.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE “SERVICE-BASED LEARNING” METHOD IN ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION TO INCREASE STUDENT EMPATHY AT SDN MAJALENGKA KULON 1
This study aims to examine the effect of the implementation of the Service Learning method on increasing student empathy in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SDN Majalengka Kulon 1. The background of the study departs from the fact that PAI learning in elementary schools is still dominant in the cognitive aspect so that it is less than optimal in developing the affective domain, especially empathy. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design of the Non-Equivalent Control Group Design type, which involved 25 students in the experimental group and 25 students in the control group. The instruments used included an empathy questionnaire, an empathic behavior observation sheet, and student reflection notes, which had gone through a validity and reliability testing process. Data analysis was carried out through normality tests, homogeneity tests, t-tests, and gain score calculations. The experimental group recorded an average increase of 20.8 points, while the control group only increased by 5.2 points. The results of the post-test t-test gave a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05), which means there was a significant difference between the two groups after the treatment was given. Student observation and reflection data support these findings, demonstrating that student involvement in social activities enables them to better understand, experience, and directly interpret Islamic Religious Education values. Overall, the ServiceLearning method has proven effective in fostering empathy and social awareness in students through real-life experiences relevant to Islamic principles.
ISLAMIC VALUES BASED STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
The dynamics of globalization, digitalization, and increasing quality competition require educational institutions to adopt strategic management that is adaptive and sustainable. However, in the context of Islamic educational institutions, strategic orientations that merely emphasize performance outcomes are often not fully aligned with Islamic values as the normative foundation of the institution. This study aims to examine the concept and urgency of Islamic values–based strategic management in the development of Islamic educational institutions. The focus of the study is directed toward the integration of Islamic values into the processes of strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. This research employs a qualitative library research method through critical analysis of scholarly literature, books, and relevant research findings on strategic management and Islamic values in education. The findings indicate that the implementation of Islamic values–based strategic management contributes to strengthening institutional identity, improving academic and non-academic quality, and supporting the sustainability of educational institutions. The integration of values such as amanah (trustworthiness), justice, musyawarah (consultation), and ihsan (excellence) is shown to be highly relevant as a foundation for strategic decision-making. Therefore, Islamic values–based strategic management can serve as a contextual and applicable alternative approach for the development of Islamic educational institutions amid global challenges.
THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS VALUES IN FACING DISASTERS (Padang City Flash Flood Case Study 2025)
The flash floods that hit Padang City at the end of November 2025 not only caused physical damage, but also affected the psychological and social conditions of the community. This study aims to analyze the role of religious values in helping communities face and recover from the disaster. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation in areas affected by flash floods. Informants included affected communities, religious leaders, volunteers, and disaster management agencies. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña model, including data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that religious values played a significant role in three main aspects. First, religious values provide a framework of meaning for society in interpreting disasters as tests, destiny, or means of self-improvement, thereby helping to stabilize psychological conditions. Second, religious values encourage positive religious coping strategies such as prayer, trust in God, and collective worship activities that strengthen calm and hope. Third, religious values strengthen individual and community resilience through social solidarity, mutual cooperation, and spiritual support from religious institutions. These findings indicate that religious values play a strategic role in post-disaster recovery and can form the basis for developing faith-based psychosocial support programs.
ANALYSIS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP-BASED BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES AS A STRATEGY FOR FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE ISLAMIC EDUCATION
This study aims to analyze entrepreneurship-based business opportunities as a strategy for independent Islamic education financing by emphasizing the identification of business opportunities, the integration of Islamic entrepreneurial values, the contribution of business units to education financing, and business development strategies. Using a qualitative approach through case studies and in-depth interviews, this study found that Islamic boarding school business units developed based on internal and external needs are able to make a significant contribution to the sustainability of education financing. These findings indicate that Islamic boarding school entrepreneurship is not only oriented towards economic aspects but is also influenced by Islamic values in institutional governance. This study enriches the study of Islamic education financing by presenting a values-based entrepreneurial perspective. However, this study has limitations in the scope of the case and the methodological approach, so the findings cannot be generalized widely. Therefore, further research with a more diverse scope and method is recommended to strengthen and expand the findings of this study.
STRENGTHENING LOCAL IDENTITY IN THE DIGITAL ERA THROUGH SMART VILLAGE KKN AND ABCD-BASED LOCAL WISDOM IN PADANG KALUA VILLAGE
Community Service Program (Kuliah Kerja Nyata/KKN) is an implementation of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education in the form of community engagement oriented toward empowerment and sustainable development. This study aims to examine the implementation of a Smart Village KKN based on the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach in strengthening local community identity in the digital era in Padang Kalua Village, Bua District, Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The ABCD approach was applied through the stages of discovery, design, define, and reflection, involving active participation from the village community. Data collection methods included observation, in-depth interviews with village officials and community leaders, and documentation of activities. The results of the KKN implementation indicate that the ABCD approach is effective in optimizing the utilization of local assets through several priority programs, including the development of a village website and digital village accounts (Digides) as online-based public service platforms, the creation of asset-mapping infographics to enhance transparency and community participation, and the production of digital educational videos related to digital literacy and cybersecurity. These programs contributed to improving the efficiency of administrative services, strengthening accountable village governance, and enhancing community readiness to face digital transformation without abandoning local wisdom values. Therefore, the ABCD-based Smart Village KKN in Padang Kalua Village can serve as a model of sustainable village empowerment rooted in the community’s local potential and identity.
APPLICATION OF THE K-MEANS ALGORITHM FOR ANALYZING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT WEBSITES: A CASE STUDY OF SOUTH SUMATRA PROVINCE
The development of information technology has encouraged local governments to improve the quality of public services through digital media, one of which is the official government website. However, the effectiveness of local government websites still varies and not all of them provide an optimal user experience. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of local government websites in South Sumatra Province using the K-Means clustering algorithm with the help of the RapidMiner Studio application. The data used is secondary data from SimilarWeb, covering four main indicators, namely total visits, average visit duration, pages per visit, and bounce rate. The results of the analysis show that local government websites are divided into three main clusters, namely effective, less effective, and ineffective. Effective websites have high visit rates, long visit durations, and low bounce rates, while ineffective websites have the lowest performance on all indicators. The variables of average visit duration and bounce rate proved to be the most dominant factors in determining website effectiveness. These findings are expected to serve as a basis for local governments in evaluating and optimizing their websites so that digital public services are more efficient, interactive, and responsive to the needs of the community.
OVERCOMING BIAS FROM MISSING VALUES IN MICROCREDIT DATA BY COMPARING MICE AND IMPUTATION METHODS
Missing values are one of the main problems in financial data processing, especially in microcredit data. The presence of incomplete data can cause bias, disrupt variable distribution, and reduce the performance of classification models in determining creditworthiness. This study aims to compare two imputation approaches, namely Simple Imputation (median for numerical attributes and mode for categorical attributes) and the MICE (Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations) Method, in an effort to reduce bias due to missing values and improve classification prediction performance. The dataset used is Loan Payments Data from Kaggle, which contains 500 rows of data and 11 attributes, namely Loan_ID, loan_status, Principal, terms, effective_date, due_date, paid_off_time, past_due_days, age, education, and Gender. After the data cleaning process, outlier handling, and imputation using both methods, the data was predicted using two classification models, namely Logistic Regression and Random Forest. Model performance was evaluated using the Accuracy and AUC (Area Under the ROC Curve) metrics. The results showed that the MICE method produced higher and more stable performance compared to Simple Imputation. Logistic Regression increased from an accuracy of 66.67% to 82.00%, and AUC from 71.02% to 95.03%. The Random Forest model on Simple Imputation data achieved 100% accuracy and 100% AUC, but these overly perfect values potentially indicate overfitting, a condition where the model memorises specific patterns in the training data and is less able to generalise. On the MICE imputation data, Random Forest still achieved high performance with an accuracy of 98.00% and an AUC of 99.55%, which is considered more realistic and stable. These findings indicate that the MICE method is more effective in reducing bias due to missing values and improving the reliability of microcredit risk classification results.
MA'HAD ALY LIBRARY ENTREPRENEURIAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY TO SUPPORT THE FINANCIAL EFFICIENCY OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION
This study focuses on the entrepreneurial management strategy of the Rabi' bin Sulaiman Ma'had Aly Nurul Jadid Library in supporting the financial efficiency of Islamic education. The study aimed to understand how the library manages business units such as printing services, book cover services, and book sales, so that it can cover operational costs and support the procurement of additional facilities without always relying on funds from the parent institution. This study used a qualitative method with a case study approach, involving four purposive informants: the head of the library, staff, treasurer, and students. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive analysis model, encompassing data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of this study indicate that the library's entrepreneurial strategy can increase the institution's financial efficiency, improve service quality, and support the procurement of physical facilities such as cabinets and other supporting equipment. This approach confirms that libraries can act as independent units that not only serve academic needs but also make significant contributions to the institution's financial sustainability. The implications of this study highlight the importance of developing an entrepreneurial strategy based on needs analysis, systematic operational management, and transparent financial record-keeping as a model that can be implemented by other libraries in Islamic education settings and academic institutions in general.